{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039207898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01004-z","title":"A taxonomy of human\u2013machine collaboration: capturing automation and technical autonomy","display_name":"A taxonomy of human\u2013machine collaboration: capturing automation and technical autonomy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039207898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01004-z","mag":"3039207898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01004-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01004-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004430204","display_name":"Monika Simmler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-8116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monika Simmler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Law School, University of St. Gallen, Bodanstrasse 3, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-8116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Law School, University of St. Gallen, Bodanstrasse 3, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022997971","display_name":"Ruth Frischknecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-2611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202963720","display_name":"University of St.Gallen","ror":"https://ror.org/0561a3s31","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Frischknecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Systemic Management and Public Governance, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8739-2611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Systemic Management and Public Governance, University of St. Gallen, Dufourstrasse 40a, 9000, St. Gallen, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5022997971"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202963720"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97463768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"1","first_page":"239","last_page":"250"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomy","display_name":"Autonomy","score":0.7542452812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7541520595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/taxonomy","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","score":0.6431334018707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.6045596599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5281659960746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4835083782672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"Corporate governance","score":0.41939109563827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.41099798679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3917665183544159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35228317975997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2715466618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15582305192947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.13841697573661804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.7542452812194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7541520595550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58642233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8269924","display_name":"Taxonomy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6431334018707275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.6045596599578857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5281659960746765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4835083782672882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.41939109563827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.41099798679351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3917665183544159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35228317975997925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2715466618537903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15582305192947388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13841697573661804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00146-020-01004-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-01004-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI &amp; SOCIETY","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.alexandria.unisg.ch:260651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400650","display_name":"Alexandria (UniSG) (University of St.Gallen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158813","host_organization_name":"St.Gallen University of Teacher Education","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158813"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W119105477","https://openalex.org/W280691558","https://openalex.org/W572083128","https://openalex.org/W1490384990","https://openalex.org/W1497119531","https://openalex.org/W1572178664","https://openalex.org/W1572276335","https://openalex.org/W1585007788","https://openalex.org/W1639589193","https://openalex.org/W1791366020","https://openalex.org/W1825933984","https://openalex.org/W1901616594","https://openalex.org/W1990414598","https://openalex.org/W2043614614","https://openalex.org/W2087710120","https://openalex.org/W2094251476","https://openalex.org/W2096178388","https://openalex.org/W2109135966","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2123179704","https://openalex.org/W2128291680","https://openalex.org/W2142345582","https://openalex.org/W2147392138","https://openalex.org/W2192201333","https://openalex.org/W2340696859","https://openalex.org/W2482583814","https://openalex.org/W2485681871","https://openalex.org/W2491552000","https://openalex.org/W2496556595","https://openalex.org/W2507033592","https://openalex.org/W2512803019","https://openalex.org/W2527349292","https://openalex.org/W2554719826","https://openalex.org/W2557671501","https://openalex.org/W2623293810","https://openalex.org/W2740354876","https://openalex.org/W2751768534","https://openalex.org/W2753641393","https://openalex.org/W2753975405","https://openalex.org/W2757384590","https://openalex.org/W2763172566","https://openalex.org/W2765541081","https://openalex.org/W2805992252","https://openalex.org/W2921314419","https://openalex.org/W2922079634","https://openalex.org/W2942109571","https://openalex.org/W3122821379","https://openalex.org/W3123824765","https://openalex.org/W4233153032","https://openalex.org/W4240387788","https://openalex.org/W4242244782","https://openalex.org/W4249428689","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2494121465","https://openalex.org/W4377233172","https://openalex.org/W1854749775","https://openalex.org/W2906160980","https://openalex.org/W2014125255","https://openalex.org/W2350665531","https://openalex.org/W3042001456","https://openalex.org/W3135623312","https://openalex.org/W2380146918","https://openalex.org/W2069987855"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
