{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390805030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","title":"Entropy Computation for Oscillator-based Physical Random Number Generators","display_name":"Entropy Computation for Oscillator-based Physical Random Number Generators","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390805030","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000197116","display_name":"David Lubicz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161663","display_name":"Institut de recherche math\u00e9matique de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/05y76vp22","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2800285241","https://openalex.org/I28221208","https://openalex.org/I3124938446","https://openalex.org/I4210117091","https://openalex.org/I4210141950","https://openalex.org/I4210146044","https://openalex.org/I4210161663","https://openalex.org/I4399657933","https://openalex.org/I56067802","https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56067802","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Rennes","ror":"https://ror.org/015m7wh34","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95583923","display_name":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'Armement","ror":"https://ror.org/04wsqd844","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799681489","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I95583923"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Lubicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour l\u2019Armement, Bruz, France","Institut de Recherche Math\u00e9matiques de Rennes, Rennes, France","IRMAR - Institut de Recherche Math\u00e9matique de Rennes (Campus de Beaulieu, b\u00e2timents 22 et 23, \r\n263 avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, CS 74205\r\n35042  RENNES C\u00e9dex - France)","UR - Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 RENNES CEDEX - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale pour l\u2019Armement, Bruz, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95583923"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de Recherche Math\u00e9matiques de Rennes, Rennes, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IRMAR - Institut de Recherche Math\u00e9matique de Rennes (Campus de Beaulieu, b\u00e2timents 22 et 23, \r\n263 avenue du G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, CS 74205\r\n35042  RENNES C\u00e9dex - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161663"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UR - Universit\u00e9 de Rennes (Campus de Beaulieu, 263 avenue G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 RENNES CEDEX - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56067802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089788860","display_name":"Viktor Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2574-0924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100532134","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Claude Bernard Lyon 1","ror":"https://ror.org/029brtt94","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I203339264"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210085887","display_name":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien","ror":"https://ror.org/0028p8r67","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I112936343","https://openalex.org/I113428412","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I203339264","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I4210091746","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405259976","https://openalex.org/I4405263940","https://openalex.org/I48430043","https://openalex.org/I59692284"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86767153","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet","ror":"https://ror.org/04yznqr36","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86767153"]}],"countries":["CZ","FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Viktor Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Security, Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, Member of Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","UJM - Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet - Saint-\u00c9tienne (10, Rue Tr\u00e9filerie \u2013 CS 82301\r\n42023 Saint-\u00c9tienne Cedex 2 - France)","LabHC - Laboratoire Hubert Curien (B\u00e2timent F 18 Rue du Professeur Beno\u00eet Lauras\r\n42000 Saint-Etienne - France)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Security, Faculty of Information Technology, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Hubert Curien, Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet, Member of Universit\u00e9 de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86767153","https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I4210085887"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UJM - Universit\u00e9 Jean Monnet - Saint-\u00c9tienne (10, Rue Tr\u00e9filerie \u2013 CS 82301\r\n42023 Saint-\u00c9tienne Cedex 2 - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86767153"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"LabHC - Laboratoire Hubert Curien (B\u00e2timent F 18 Rue du Professeur Beno\u00eet Lauras\r\n42000 Saint-Etienne - France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210085887"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089788860"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100532134","https://openalex.org/I4210085887","https://openalex.org/I44504214","https://openalex.org/I86767153"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":1.4306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81312029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.6360692381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6228359937667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5112965106964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.41880369186401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3558868169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3223966062068939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.32155776023864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1987690031528473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.054009050130844116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.6360692381858826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6228359937667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5112965106964111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.41880369186401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3558868169784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3223966062068939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.32155776023864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1987690031528473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.054009050130844116}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04372984v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ujm.hal.science/ujm-04428108/document","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04372984/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://hal.science/hal-04372984","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:ujm-04428108v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ujm.hal.science/ujm-04428108","pdf_url":"https://ujm.hal.science/ujm-04428108v1/file/MO_TRNG_model.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology, 2024, 37 (13), &#x27E8;10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-024-09494-6.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390805030.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170084955","https://openalex.org/W206649999","https://openalex.org/W1565273324","https://openalex.org/W1580991036","https://openalex.org/W1598140169","https://openalex.org/W1712912884","https://openalex.org/W1779006005","https://openalex.org/W1868304350","https://openalex.org/W1989129498","https://openalex.org/W2014905809","https://openalex.org/W2084337711","https://openalex.org/W2105957516","https://openalex.org/W2120646029","https://openalex.org/W2139253318","https://openalex.org/W2586190190","https://openalex.org/W2909894316","https://openalex.org/W2921048809","https://openalex.org/W2993383518","https://openalex.org/W2994999432","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W4252307573","https://openalex.org/W4252800400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W3148717199","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W4382565725","https://openalex.org/W4231775656","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W1969015756","https://openalex.org/W2180033908","https://openalex.org/W4388000846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"we":[4,113],"provide":[5],"a":[6,59,79,135,146],"complete":[7],"set":[8],"of":[9,18,41,62,66,78,82,90,102,133,142],"algorithms":[10,34],"aimed":[11],"at":[12,130,139],"the":[13,32,38,42,49,54,63,67,75,88,100,103,127,131,140,143],"design":[14,30],"and":[15,57,86,124,138],"security":[16],"evaluation":[17],"oscillator-based":[19],"True":[20],"Random":[21],"Number":[22],"Generators":[23],"(TRNG).":[24],"While":[25],"depending":[26],"on":[27,99],"some":[28],"TRNG":[29,80],"assumptions,":[31],"proposed":[33],"use":[35],"as":[36,48,71,145],"inputs":[37],"statistical":[39],"parameters":[40],"underlying":[43],"random":[44],"physical":[45],"process":[46],"such":[47,134],"clock":[50],"jitter":[51],"originating":[52],"from":[53],"thermal":[55],"noise":[56],"give":[58],"lower":[60],"bound":[61],"entropy":[64,96,104,128],"rate":[65,129],"generated":[68],"bit":[69],"stream":[70],"output.":[72],"We":[73,118],"describe":[74,114],"general":[76],"structure":[77],"composed":[81],"multiple":[83],"free-running":[84],"oscillators":[85],"samplers,":[87],"outputs":[89],"which":[91,106],"are":[92],"post-processed":[93],"by":[94],"an":[95],"conditioner.":[97],"Depending":[98],"specification":[101],"conditioner,":[105],"can":[107],"usually":[108],"be":[109],"any":[110],"Boolean":[111],"function,":[112],"several":[115],"algorithmic":[116],"optimizations.":[117],"then":[119],"explain":[120],"how":[121],"to":[122],"compute":[123],"efficiently":[125],"manage":[126],"output":[132,141],"post-processing":[136],"block":[137],"generator":[144],"whole.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
