{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1495083464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","title":"Random Oracles in Constantinople: Practical Asynchronous Byzantine Agreement Using Cryptography","display_name":"Random Oracles in Constantinople: Practical Asynchronous Byzantine Agreement Using Cryptography","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-04-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1495083464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","mag":"1495083464"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054120489","display_name":"Christian Cachin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8967-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126328","display_name":"IBM Research - Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02js37d36","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Cachin","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland","IBM, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, CH-8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025798993","display_name":"Klaus Kursawe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["BE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Kursawe","raw_affiliation_strings":["ESAT-COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","IBM, ,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ESAT-COSIC, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven-Heverlee, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088669734","display_name":"Victor Shoup","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6996-5660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36672615","display_name":"Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/037tm7f56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Shoup","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36672615","https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054120489"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210126328"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":123,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97123849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"219","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9035000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7568517923355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.7372032403945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.6772770881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6134274005889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.552570104598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-byzantine-agreement","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","score":0.5247352719306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.4813002645969391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46520930528640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.4573719799518585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-parameter","display_name":"Security parameter","score":0.4435119330883026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.394504576921463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3735925555229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3627639412879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.2130890190601349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.14009296894073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7568517923355103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.7372032403945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.6772770881652832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6134274005889893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.552570104598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17532199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083590","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","level":4,"score":0.5247352719306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.4813002645969391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46520930528640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.4573719799518585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776711565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445058","display_name":"Security parameter","level":3,"score":0.4435119330883026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.394504576921463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3735925555229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3627639412879944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.2130890190601349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.14009296894073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"mag:3029825662","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2000/034.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.34.3441","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.3441","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.zurich.ibm.com/~cca/./papers/abba.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.34.640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.34.640","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.shoup.net/papers/abba.ps.Z","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.66.4165","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.66.4165","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://eprint.iacr.org/2000/034.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.76.9311","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.76.9311","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.shoup.net/papers/abba.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1495083464","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nyuscholars.nyu.edu/en/publications/random-oracles-in-constantinople-practical-asynchronous-byzantine-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420730","display_name":"Principles of Distributed Computing","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"Principles of Distributed Computing","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0318-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1495083464.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1495083464.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6663308957"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W2126924915","https://openalex.org/W1963710334","https://openalex.org/W2006699751","https://openalex.org/W2133943294","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W1991153938","https://openalex.org/W2073126252","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2054694168","https://openalex.org/W2112138431","https://openalex.org/W1836078613","https://openalex.org/W1549384320","https://openalex.org/W2611515161","https://openalex.org/W2049913483","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W1971013519","https://openalex.org/W1660562555"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
