{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2029492597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","title":"A Proof of the Security of Quantum Key Distribution","display_name":"A Proof of the Security of Quantum Key Distribution","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2029492597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","mag":"2029492597"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034526179","display_name":"Eli Biham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eli Biham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel","Computer Science Department, Technion,#N#Haifa 32000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion,#N#Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103523901","display_name":"Michel Boyer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70931966","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/0161xgx34","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michel Boyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIRO, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada","DIRO, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIRO, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIRO, Universite de Montreal, CP 6128, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70931966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054451422","display_name":"P. Oscar Boykin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Oscar Boykin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077946252","display_name":"Tal Mor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-0498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174306211","display_name":"Technion \u2013 Israel Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03qryx823","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tal Mor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel","Computer Science Department, Technion,#N#Haifa 32000, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Technion,#N#Haifa 32000, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174306211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043479061","display_name":"Vwani Roychowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-6489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vwani Roychowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594, USA","Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1594 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034526179","https://openalex.org/A5043479061","https://openalex.org/A5054451422","https://openalex.org/A5077946252","https://openalex.org/A5103523901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765","https://openalex.org/I174306211","https://openalex.org/I70931966"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.917,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97393788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"381","last_page":"439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.8579882383346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.7121013402938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6289898157119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.5648693442344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.48268795013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4540187120437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.44951510429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution","display_name":"Key distribution","score":0.44056516885757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.41604968905448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41219207644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.40764471888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2280559241771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.22434142231941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2051415741443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1718374788761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.16936105489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1455736756324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.0931878387928009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8579882383346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.7121013402938843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6289898157119751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5648693442344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.48268795013427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4540187120437622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.44951510429382324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.44056516885757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.41604968905448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41219207644462585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.40764471888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2280559241771698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.22434142231941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2051415741443634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1718374788761139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.16936105489730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1455736756324768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.0931878387928009}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0511175","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0511175","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0511175","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.252.8727","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.252.8727","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0511175v1.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:411972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/411972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:908567","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/908567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00145-005-0011-3.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190936789","display_name":"Journal of Cryptology","issn_l":"0933-2790","issn":["0933-2790","1432-1378"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cryptology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320875","display_name":"Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst","ror":"https://ror.org/039djdh30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2029492597.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W285471286","https://openalex.org/W1540903013","https://openalex.org/W1564947197","https://openalex.org/W1606480398","https://openalex.org/W1608059257","https://openalex.org/W1611145915","https://openalex.org/W1631356911","https://openalex.org/W1643476268","https://openalex.org/W1916886752","https://openalex.org/W1950752794","https://openalex.org/W1959936891","https://openalex.org/W1970006170","https://openalex.org/W1974984900","https://openalex.org/W2000168006","https://openalex.org/W2001466659","https://openalex.org/W2025166707","https://openalex.org/W2048920728","https://openalex.org/W2056099894","https://openalex.org/W2060333719","https://openalex.org/W2063635674","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2096694995","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2103012681","https://openalex.org/W2120755151","https://openalex.org/W2128765501","https://openalex.org/W2135650458","https://openalex.org/W2154300278","https://openalex.org/W2157769965","https://openalex.org/W2158395939","https://openalex.org/W2167346196","https://openalex.org/W2171987384","https://openalex.org/W2336770924","https://openalex.org/W2764347725","https://openalex.org/W2796291475","https://openalex.org/W2798486685","https://openalex.org/W2952365484","https://openalex.org/W2987687226","https://openalex.org/W3003414507","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3040996531","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W4238472918","https://openalex.org/W4300188436","https://openalex.org/W4302114916","https://openalex.org/W6604549702","https://openalex.org/W6605318337","https://openalex.org/W6638137157","https://openalex.org/W6639748362","https://openalex.org/W6789737723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151852759","https://openalex.org/W3196822321","https://openalex.org/W4249911491","https://openalex.org/W2218338125","https://openalex.org/W2970993087","https://openalex.org/W2001667132","https://openalex.org/W1988549541","https://openalex.org/W2767107538","https://openalex.org/W2143406552","https://openalex.org/W4294621675"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}