{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2155055817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050116","title":"Automatic detection of vehicle occupants: the imaging problemand its solution","display_name":"Automatic detection of vehicle occupants: the imaging problemand its solution","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2155055817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050116","mag":"2155055817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001380050116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27728525","display_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","issn_l":"0932-8092","issn":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089194304","display_name":"Ioannis Pavlidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8025-2600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Pavlidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029600020","display_name":"P. Symosek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Symosek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039720162","display_name":"Bernard S. Fritz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Fritz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA","e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109261258","display_name":"Michael E. Bazakos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82514191","display_name":"Honeywell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02t71h845","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Bazakos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA","e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA; e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honeywell Technology Center, 3660 Technology Dr., MN65-2500, Minneapolis, MN 55418, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: {pavlidis, symosek, fritz, bazakos}@htc.honeywell.com, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82514191"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027267535","display_name":"Nikos Papanikolopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2177-1870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Papanikolopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota, Computer Science Department, 200 Union St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; e-mail:npapas@cs.umn.edu, , , , , , US","University of Minnesota, Computer Science Department, 200 Union St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Computer Science Department, 200 Union St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; e-mail:npapas@cs.umn.edu, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota, Computer Science Department, 200 Union St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83613426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"313","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6389054656028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-spectrum","display_name":"Electromagnetic spectrum","score":0.5474349856376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.5216484665870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5086499452590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4895952343940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phenomenology","display_name":"Phenomenology (philosophy)","score":0.47034719586372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4601131081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3495735228061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.2713257968425751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17886707186698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.12174877524375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.11132815480232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07258221507072449}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6389054656028748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155761240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133139","display_name":"Electromagnetic spectrum","level":2,"score":0.5474349856376648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.5216484665870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5086499452590942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4895952343940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84269361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179235","display_name":"Phenomenology (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47034719586372375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4601131081581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3495735228061676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2713257968425751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17886707186698914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.12174877524375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.11132815480232239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07258221507072449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001380050116","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050116","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27728525","display_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","issn_l":"0932-8092","issn":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1599847082","https://openalex.org/W1996904901","https://openalex.org/W2067957471","https://openalex.org/W2155497755","https://openalex.org/W2911709767","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282043467","https://openalex.org/W2105697914","https://openalex.org/W3093197249","https://openalex.org/W1540010871","https://openalex.org/W3023979140","https://openalex.org/W1968324288","https://openalex.org/W2904068067","https://openalex.org/W1565491139","https://openalex.org/W3177545769","https://openalex.org/W4387090696"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}