{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082625988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050081","title":"Extracting characters of license plates from video sequences","display_name":"Extracting characters of license plates from video sequences","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082625988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050081","mag":"2082625988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001380050081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27728525","display_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","issn_l":"0932-8092","issn":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111566585","display_name":"Yuntao Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuntao Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA; e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US","Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA","e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA; e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113141583","display_name":"Qian Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4553-0051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1325886976","display_name":"Siemens (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/059mq0909","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137693","display_name":"Siemens (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04axb7e79","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]}],"countries":["DE","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA; e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US","Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA","e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA; e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens Corporate Research, 755 College Road East, Princeton, NJ 08536, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: {cui,huang}@scr.siemens.com\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111566585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210137693"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.583,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97161822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5-6","first_page":"308","last_page":"320"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9728999733924866,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.7032657265663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6611924171447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.648236095905304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.5793243646621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/license","display_name":"License","score":0.561553418636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.543159544467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.5200528502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.5101500153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49763253331184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.4915347993373871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.4340435564517975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4336029291152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.43043747544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.4183381199836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.28594860434532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.25450626015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2492334246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.15942445397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.12229758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11007723212242126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.7032657265663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6611924171447754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.648236095905304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.5793243646621704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.561553418636322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.543159544467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.5200528502464294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.5101500153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49763253331184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.4915347993373871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.4340435564517975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4336029291152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.43043747544288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.4183381199836731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28594860434532166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25450626015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2492334246635437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.15942445397377014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.12229758501052856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11007723212242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s001380050081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s001380050081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27728525","display_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","issn_l":"0932-8092","issn":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109881820","https://openalex.org/W393717556","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1639032689","https://openalex.org/W1966411054","https://openalex.org/W1986926502","https://openalex.org/W1998135526","https://openalex.org/W2043003144","https://openalex.org/W2065301447","https://openalex.org/W2117399786","https://openalex.org/W2120364676","https://openalex.org/W2130103520","https://openalex.org/W2135279954","https://openalex.org/W2135427434","https://openalex.org/W2138714160","https://openalex.org/W2148539800","https://openalex.org/W2152366524","https://openalex.org/W2162232298","https://openalex.org/W2167325880","https://openalex.org/W2322524800","https://openalex.org/W2535923734","https://openalex.org/W2795444554","https://openalex.org/W2987004640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126747775","https://openalex.org/W2008444830","https://openalex.org/W2092834568","https://openalex.org/W2804375118","https://openalex.org/W2095844239","https://openalex.org/W2112506753","https://openalex.org/W1495937069","https://openalex.org/W2160831725","https://openalex.org/W2132110568","https://openalex.org/W2029809897"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}