{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010148346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-006-0038-y","title":"Tool condition classification using Hidden Markov Model based on fractal analysis of machined surface textures","display_name":"Tool condition classification using Hidden Markov Model based on fractal analysis of machined surface textures","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-07-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010148346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-006-0038-y","mag":"2010148346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00138-006-0038-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-006-0038-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27728525","display_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","issn_l":"0932-8092","issn":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044469907","display_name":"Ashraf A. Kassim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7435-8564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. A. Kassim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075930117","display_name":"Zhu Mian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Mian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National, University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113794362","display_name":"M. A. Mannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9626-2560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. A. Mannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044469907"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1878,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78097332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"5","first_page":"327","last_page":"336"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11799","display_name":"Adhesion, Friction, and Surface Interactions","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.7144231796264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tool-wear","display_name":"Tool wear","score":0.6580678224563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6444209218025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machining","display_name":"Machining","score":0.622023344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.6207958459854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.5811914205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.57233065366745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cutting-tool","display_name":"Cutting tool","score":0.5546452403068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5320587754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-analysis","display_name":"Fractal analysis","score":0.4967518448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44908401370048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40850740671157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal-dimension","display_name":"Fractal dimension","score":0.36246374249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3300122022628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3181455731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.27842575311660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2099285125732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18418973684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10615143179893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.06187877058982849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.7144231796264648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776450708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6008734","display_name":"Tool wear","level":3,"score":0.6580678224563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6444209218025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523214423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192047","display_name":"Machining","level":2,"score":0.622023344039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.6207958459854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5811914205551147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.57233065366745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780383046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1760958","display_name":"Cutting tool","level":2,"score":0.5546452403068542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5320587754249573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162494671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2845227","display_name":"Fractal analysis","level":4,"score":0.4967518448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44908401370048523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40850740671157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.36246374249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3300122022628784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3181455731391907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.27842575311660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2099285125732422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18418973684310913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10615143179893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06187877058982849}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00138-006-0038-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-006-0038-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S27728525","display_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","issn_l":"0932-8092","issn":["0932-8092","1432-1769"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Vision and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/57679","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/57679","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W632584736","https://openalex.org/W1930594517","https://openalex.org/W1970573745","https://openalex.org/W1979578484","https://openalex.org/W2010888787","https://openalex.org/W2054684639","https://openalex.org/W2081768791","https://openalex.org/W2092712734","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2134275275","https://openalex.org/W2544864259","https://openalex.org/W4234242299","https://openalex.org/W6620346802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2605357193","https://openalex.org/W2169163271","https://openalex.org/W2116069637","https://openalex.org/W2549972263","https://openalex.org/W2804635689","https://openalex.org/W2011014349","https://openalex.org/W2078815478","https://openalex.org/W2800586773","https://openalex.org/W2952952632","https://openalex.org/W2415593857"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}