{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3120272220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01624-2","title":"A Novel Closed-Form Estimator for AOA Target Localization Without Prior Knowledge of Noise Variances","display_name":"A Novel Closed-Form Estimator for AOA Target Localization Without Prior Knowledge of Noise Variances","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3120272220","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01624-2","mag":"3120272220"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00034-020-01624-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01624-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20109229","display_name":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0278-081X","issn":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320186","host_organization_name":"Birkh\u00e4user","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320186","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Birkh\u00e4user","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021633099","display_name":"Feifei Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-9273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27599042","display_name":"Xi'an Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/03442p831","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27599042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Feifei Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, 710048, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Polytechnic University, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, 710048, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27599042"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710048, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27599042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059776355","display_name":"Xiangxi Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-0785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangxi Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Traffic Control and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, 710051, People\u2019s Republic of China","Air Traffic Control and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710051, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Traffic Control and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi\u2019an Shaanxi, 710051, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Traffic Control and Navigation College, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710051, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021633099"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27599042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1122,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7650341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"7","first_page":"3573","last_page":"3591"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.8472334146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-variance-unbiased-estimator","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","score":0.7398650050163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.6575137376785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6510019302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-estimator","display_name":"Efficient estimator","score":0.6206346154212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5926163792610168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5843248963356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bias-of-an-estimator","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","score":0.5749124884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistent-estimator","display_name":"Consistent estimator","score":0.5323218703269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.5089757442474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.469326913356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4432043135166168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4421424865722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.44021308422088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.4236387014389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steins-unbiased-risk-estimate","display_name":"Stein's unbiased risk estimate","score":0.41687339544296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.392234742641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.37915274500846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2931767702102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16044220328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.06831330060958862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.8472334146499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165646398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3755281","display_name":"Minimum-variance unbiased estimator","level":3,"score":0.7398650050163269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.6575137376785278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6510019302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35594927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265984","display_name":"Efficient estimator","level":4,"score":0.6206346154212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5926163792610168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5843248963356018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191393472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15222032","display_name":"Bias of an estimator","level":4,"score":0.5749124884605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164172150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782585","display_name":"Consistent estimator","level":4,"score":0.5323218703269958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.5089757442474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.469326913356781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4432043135166168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4421424865722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44021308422088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4236387014389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134962040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7606742","display_name":"Stein's unbiased risk estimate","level":5,"score":0.41687339544296265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.392234742641449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.37915274500846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2931767702102661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16044220328330994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.06831330060958862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00034-020-01624-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01624-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20109229","display_name":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0278-081X","issn":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320186","host_organization_name":"Birkh\u00e4user","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320186","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Birkh\u00e4user","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6210224027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801394","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492221128","https://openalex.org/W1525535255","https://openalex.org/W1540723801","https://openalex.org/W1990449073","https://openalex.org/W1999542175","https://openalex.org/W1999933558","https://openalex.org/W2005452565","https://openalex.org/W2013668165","https://openalex.org/W2026452543","https://openalex.org/W2077831870","https://openalex.org/W2080532349","https://openalex.org/W2087543940","https://openalex.org/W2089286422","https://openalex.org/W2104264645","https://openalex.org/W2140872360","https://openalex.org/W2145620805","https://openalex.org/W2149154415","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2154347068","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W2193142622","https://openalex.org/W2519524934","https://openalex.org/W2777019853","https://openalex.org/W2783155546","https://openalex.org/W2797671267","https://openalex.org/W2946899202","https://openalex.org/W2964083363","https://openalex.org/W3033705886","https://openalex.org/W4206180546","https://openalex.org/W4231152566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035998077","https://openalex.org/W4239491110","https://openalex.org/W2349547417","https://openalex.org/W1984619412","https://openalex.org/W2910434125","https://openalex.org/W3092888124","https://openalex.org/W2802667153","https://openalex.org/W2059813665","https://openalex.org/W2036535888","https://openalex.org/W2356451205"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
