{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2791858173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","title":"Digital-to-Analog Converters Using Frequency Interleaving: Mathematical Framework and Experimental Verification","display_name":"Digital-to-Analog Converters Using Frequency Interleaving: Mathematical Framework and Experimental Verification","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2791858173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","mag":"2791858173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00034-018-0791-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20109229","display_name":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0278-081X","issn":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320186","host_organization_name":"Birkh\u00e4user","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320186","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Birkh\u00e4user","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00034-018-0791-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085298754","display_name":"Christian Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christian Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077179982","display_name":"Christoph Kottke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4223-166X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christoph Kottke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025511067","display_name":"Vicky H. Tanzil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicky H. Tanzil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053776864","display_name":"Ronald Freund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9427-3437"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054929239","display_name":"Volker Jungnickel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-5213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Volker Jungnickel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Hertz-Institute, Einsteinufer 37, 10587, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032302022","display_name":"Friedel Gerfers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0520-1923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Friedel Gerfers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Berlin, Stra\u00dfe des 17. Juni 135, 10623, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085298754"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4577782"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8918,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71725888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"11","first_page":"4929","last_page":"4954"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleaving","display_name":"Interleaving","score":0.8229014277458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7855106592178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6500988006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.594036877155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.59288090467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19875261187553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16994896531105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14508011937141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08937972784042358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28034677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092530","display_name":"Interleaving","level":2,"score":0.8229014277458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7855106592178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6500988006591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.594036877155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.59288090467453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19875261187553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16994896531105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14508011937141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08937972784042358}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00034-018-0791-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20109229","display_name":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0278-081X","issn":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320186","host_organization_name":"Birkh\u00e4user","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320186","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Birkh\u00e4user","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/261743","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/261743","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-018-0791-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00034-018-0791-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20109229","display_name":"Circuits Systems and Signal Processing","issn_l":"0278-081X","issn":["0278-081X","1531-5878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320186","host_organization_name":"Birkh\u00e4user","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320186","https://openalex.org/P4310319900"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Birkh\u00e4user","Springer Science+Business Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791858173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2791858173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W603729728","https://openalex.org/W1550922999","https://openalex.org/W1762430620","https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W1963487986","https://openalex.org/W1974927593","https://openalex.org/W2009169305","https://openalex.org/W2014328192","https://openalex.org/W2020846474","https://openalex.org/W2040327988","https://openalex.org/W2052888734","https://openalex.org/W2058893726","https://openalex.org/W2091730254","https://openalex.org/W2111205169","https://openalex.org/W2123080985","https://openalex.org/W2126214713","https://openalex.org/W2133188315","https://openalex.org/W2133304166","https://openalex.org/W2137218219","https://openalex.org/W2161606630","https://openalex.org/W2163605525","https://openalex.org/W2164550072","https://openalex.org/W2188791664","https://openalex.org/W2295645431","https://openalex.org/W2317409079","https://openalex.org/W2504507112","https://openalex.org/W2513489407","https://openalex.org/W2534820368","https://openalex.org/W2555494401","https://openalex.org/W2580650077","https://openalex.org/W2583169035","https://openalex.org/W2624183172","https://openalex.org/W2760612259","https://openalex.org/W2794073649","https://openalex.org/W2798766386","https://openalex.org/W4244633107","https://openalex.org/W6601336828"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2389051085","https://openalex.org/W2330343234","https://openalex.org/W1901012776","https://openalex.org/W2463883322","https://openalex.org/W2814468324","https://openalex.org/W3037422193","https://openalex.org/W2074272557","https://openalex.org/W2154984715"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"concept":[1],"of":[2,29,55,71,84,102,115],"frequency":[3,36,92],"interleaving":[4],"(FI)":[5],"for":[6,65,99],"digital-to-analog":[7],"converters":[8],"(DACs)":[9],"has":[10],"recently":[11],"experienced":[12],"renewed":[13],"interest,":[14],"in":[15,34,38],"order":[16,39,129],"to":[17,40,124,130],"overcome":[18],"the":[19,26,35,49,53,76,82,100,106,116,132,151],"DACs\u2019":[20],"bandwidth":[21,54,113],"limitations.":[22],"In":[23,59,128],"this":[24,60,161],"concept,":[25,153],"output":[27,44],"signals":[28],"multiple":[30],"DACs":[31,72,107],"are":[32,94],"interleaved":[33],"domain":[37],"generate":[41],"a":[42,56,62,68,135],"combined":[43],"signal":[45],"that":[46],"exceeds":[47],"both":[48],"sampling":[50,80],"rate":[51,89],"and":[52,75,90,141,147,154],"single":[57],"DAC.":[58],"paper,":[61],"mathematical":[63,97,136],"framework":[64],"FI-DACs":[66],"with":[67,143],"large":[69],"number":[70,83],"is":[73,108,139],"presented":[74],"inherent":[77],"interdependencies":[78],"between":[79],"rate,":[81],"samples,":[85],"LO":[86],"frequencies,":[87],"symbol":[88],"analog":[91,117],"responses":[93],"highlighted.":[95],"A":[96],"expression":[98],"distribution":[101],"data":[103],"samples":[104],"among":[105],"presented,":[109],"taking":[110],"into":[111],"account":[112],"limitations":[114],"components":[118],"as":[119,121],"well":[120],"guard":[122],"bands":[123],"mitigate":[125],"cross":[126],"talk.":[127],"balance":[131],"FI-DAC\u2019s":[133],"parameters":[134],"optimization":[137],"approach":[138],"introduced":[140],"illustrated":[142],"examples.":[144],"Both":[145],"simulation":[146],"experimental":[148],"results":[149],"validate":[150],"FI-DAC":[152],"an":[155],"outlook":[156],"on":[157],"implementation":[158],"issues":[159],"completes":[160],"paper.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}