{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071003614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00013558","title":"OCRSpell: an interactive spelling correction system for OCR errors in text","display_name":"OCRSpell: an interactive spelling correction system for OCR errors in text","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071003614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00013558","mag":"2071003614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/pl00013558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00013558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25669/t1t6-9psi","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024937756","display_name":"Kazem Taghva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-0080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kazem Taghva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA; e-mail: taghva@isri.unlv.edu\n, , , , , , US","Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA; e-mail: taghva@isri.unlv.edu\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070005017","display_name":"Eric Stofsky","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Stofsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA; e-mail: taghva@isri.unlv.edu\n, , , , , , US","Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA; e-mail: taghva@isri.unlv.edu\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Science Research Institute, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4021, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024937756"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":80,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92492683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"3","first_page":"125","last_page":"137"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spelling","display_name":"Spelling","score":0.911453127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7698062062263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.6095080375671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6091886162757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6080670952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5940102338790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.5791544914245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4619375467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.45878010988235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.44174662232398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.34567105770111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11580365896224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.10844847559928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09346514940261841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777801307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088390","display_name":"Spelling","level":2,"score":0.911453127861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7698062062263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6095080375671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6091886162757874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6080670952796936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5940102338790894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.5791544914245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4619375467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.45878010988235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.44174662232398987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.34567105770111084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11580365896224976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.10844847559928894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09346514940261841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/pl00013558","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00013558","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalscholarship.unlv.edu:ece_fac_articles-1814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/ece_fac_articles/811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalscholarship.unlv.edu:ece_fac_articles-1826","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/ece_fac_articles/823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalscholarship.unlv.edu:rtds-4221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds/3222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"UNLV Retrospective Theses &amp; Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.63.2509","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.63.2509","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isri.unlv.edu/publications/isripub/Taghva00b.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.82.369","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.82.369","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isri.unlv.edu/publications/isripub/Taghva96-03.ps","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.library.unlv.edu:ece_fac_articles-1814","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/ece_fac_articles/811","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Research","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.library.unlv.edu:rtds-4221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.library.unlv.edu/rtds/3222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.25669/t1t6-9psi","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25669/t1t6-9psi","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25669/t1t6-9psi","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25669/t1t6-9psi","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196371","display_name":"Digital Scholarship - UNLV (University of Nevada Reno)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","host_organization_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1690636059","https://openalex.org/W1999378673","https://openalex.org/W2005661126","https://openalex.org/W2010392031","https://openalex.org/W2010595692","https://openalex.org/W2030368790","https://openalex.org/W2034163998","https://openalex.org/W2038218748","https://openalex.org/W2066792529","https://openalex.org/W2085763602","https://openalex.org/W2093168600","https://openalex.org/W2109469864","https://openalex.org/W2111192396","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2914364168","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161008081","https://openalex.org/W2100947578","https://openalex.org/W4298186509","https://openalex.org/W2556702969","https://openalex.org/W217221262","https://openalex.org/W611030372","https://openalex.org/W1974418053","https://openalex.org/W2021532426","https://openalex.org/W2081317458","https://openalex.org/W2530486443"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
