{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1516574343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0105399","title":"Program derivation using the refinement calculator","display_name":"Program derivation using the refinement calculator","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1516574343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0105399","mag":"1516574343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0105399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0105399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056335848","display_name":"Michael Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4642-5373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","University of Southampton"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electronics & Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013342349","display_name":"Thomas L\u00e5ngbacka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133731052","display_name":"University of Helsinki","ror":"https://ror.org/040af2s02","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas L\u00e5ngbacka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland","#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Helsinki#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"#N##TAB##TAB##TAB##TAB# University of Helsinki#N##TAB##TAB##TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133731052"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3632,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7907489,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"93","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hol","display_name":"HOL","score":0.9810220003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calculator","display_name":"Calculator","score":0.8850753903388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7618175745010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7189456224441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.6390572786331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window","display_name":"Window (computing)","score":0.541753351688385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refinement-calculus","display_name":"Refinement calculus","score":0.5343837738037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/syntax","display_name":"Syntax","score":0.448698490858078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35864564776420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35741376876831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15294981002807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.11500707268714905}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17435882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17030435","display_name":"HOL","level":2,"score":0.9810220003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31087","display_name":"Calculator","level":2,"score":0.8850753903388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7618175745010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7189456224441528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.6390572786331177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778751112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q835016","display_name":"Window (computing)","level":2,"score":0.541753351688385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90483712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307205","display_name":"Refinement calculus","level":2,"score":0.5343837738037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60048249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37437","display_name":"Syntax","level":2,"score":0.448698490858078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35864564776420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35741376876831055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15294981002807617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.11500707268714905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0105399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0105399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.28.4446","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.28.4446","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.tucs.abo.fi/Pub/1996/Proc/pBuLa96.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:250578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/250578/1/dsse-tr-96-3.ps","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320984","display_name":"University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W380079223","https://openalex.org/W1492315860","https://openalex.org/W1535757506","https://openalex.org/W1543115413","https://openalex.org/W1545756543","https://openalex.org/W1554332819","https://openalex.org/W1971240548","https://openalex.org/W2016535383","https://openalex.org/W2038814435","https://openalex.org/W2087713039","https://openalex.org/W2103953153","https://openalex.org/W2125421178","https://openalex.org/W2148579499","https://openalex.org/W2493860389","https://openalex.org/W2536118252","https://openalex.org/W2914550776","https://openalex.org/W3021087793","https://openalex.org/W4243282648","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806561637","https://openalex.org/W4381234439","https://openalex.org/W3085888268","https://openalex.org/W2012092570","https://openalex.org/W1560655349","https://openalex.org/W4246531319","https://openalex.org/W1516574343","https://openalex.org/W1584723686","https://openalex.org/W2234482668","https://openalex.org/W2419571940"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}