{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1588413002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035212","title":"Multi-level 3D-tracking of objects integrating velocity estimation based on optical flow and kalman-filtering","display_name":"Multi-level 3D-tracking of objects integrating velocity estimation based on optical flow and kalman-filtering","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1588413002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035212","mag":"1588413002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0035212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49978999","display_name":"Lecture notes in control and information sciences","issn_l":"0170-8643","issn":["0170-8643","1610-7411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019034847","display_name":"M. Tonko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Tonko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Algorithmen und Kognitive Systeme, Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Algorithmen und Kognitive Systeme, Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067069800","display_name":"K. Sch\u00e4fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1704-8233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Sch\u00e4fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Algorithmen und Kognitive Systeme, Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Algorithmen und Kognitive Systeme, Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032873778","display_name":"V. Gengenbach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Gengenbach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Informations- und Datenverarbeitung, Fraunhoferstr. 1, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Informations- und Datenverarbeitung, Fraunhoferstr. 1, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108363048","display_name":"Hans-Hellmut Nagel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088543","display_name":"Institut f\u00fcr Informationsverarbeitung","ror":"https://ror.org/0047j9t38","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H.-H. Nagel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Informations- und Datenverarbeitung, Fraunhoferstr. 1, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Algorithmen und Kognitive Systeme, Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Informations- und Datenverarbeitung, Fraunhoferstr. 1, D-76131, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Algorithmen und Kognitive Systeme, Universit\u00e4t Karlsruhe (TH), Postfach 6980, D-76128, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0529,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90550071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"212","last_page":"221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.7298406958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6734582781791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.6457907557487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6281281113624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ellipse","display_name":"Ellipse","score":0.6215092539787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-flow","display_name":"Optical flow","score":0.5635698437690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5547587871551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5265384316444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.46643733978271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3408896327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3023766279220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.2792227268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17200812697410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.15490034222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0992954671382904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.7298406958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6734582781791687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.6457907557487488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6281281113624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74261601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40112","display_name":"Ellipse","level":2,"score":0.6215092539787292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155542232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736111","display_name":"Optical flow","level":3,"score":0.5635698437690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5547587871551514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5265384316444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.46643733978271484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3408896327018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3023766279220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.2792227268218994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17200812697410583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.15490034222602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0992954671382904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0035212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0035212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49978999","display_name":"Lecture notes in control and information sciences","issn_l":"0170-8643","issn":["0170-8643","1610-7411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/324625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/324625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/328699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/328699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181869766","https://openalex.org/W1579809926","https://openalex.org/W2080984287","https://openalex.org/W2081171933","https://openalex.org/W2125858574","https://openalex.org/W2143597104","https://openalex.org/W2144433647"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2168286373","https://openalex.org/W2971088694","https://openalex.org/W4285271403","https://openalex.org/W2542007731","https://openalex.org/W2968379562","https://openalex.org/W2091015105","https://openalex.org/W4388689193","https://openalex.org/W2110899030","https://openalex.org/W29633852","https://openalex.org/W2985362983"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}