{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1929702820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0028163","title":"Binding bit patterns to real world entities","display_name":"Binding bit patterns to real world entities","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1929702820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0028163","mag":"1929702820"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0028163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0028163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013320597","display_name":"Bruce Christianson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-7476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bruce Christianson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield","University of Hertfordshire,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hertfordshire,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016816900","display_name":"James A. Malcolm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0446-7620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James A. Malcolm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield","University of Hertfordshire,#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Hertfordshire,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013320597"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4078,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62262674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"105","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10927","display_name":"Access Control and Trust","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.855859637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.7838783264160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6670728921890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6489527225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.541155219078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.5112733840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.47666528820991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-integrity","display_name":"Data integrity","score":0.4423591196537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-primitive","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","score":0.420974999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4050421118736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.28922975063323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.27575039863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.17251870036125183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.855859637260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7838783264160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6670728921890259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6489527225494385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.541155219078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.5112733840942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47666528820991516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.4423591196537018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.420974999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4050421118736267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.28922975063323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.27575039863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.17251870036125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0028163","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0028163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/4348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4348","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28488838","https://openalex.org/W592837238","https://openalex.org/W1819010326","https://openalex.org/W2048393640","https://openalex.org/W2058611329","https://openalex.org/W2484866167","https://openalex.org/W2993902586","https://openalex.org/W4323053704"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W18954787","https://openalex.org/W3138083505","https://openalex.org/W4254460476","https://openalex.org/W2783353176","https://openalex.org/W2339543721","https://openalex.org/W1514794536","https://openalex.org/W1829339118","https://openalex.org/W3179891621","https://openalex.org/W4390962791","https://openalex.org/W4396879184"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
