{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1488496971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0025044","title":"An architecture for complex systems","display_name":"An architecture for complex systems","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1488496971","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0025044","mag":"1488496971"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0025044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0025044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041029245","display_name":"Gillian Hill","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45029084","display_name":"City University of Seattle","ror":"https://ror.org/008a9hf75","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086682","https://openalex.org/I45029084"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gillian Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University and Department of Computing, Imperial College, of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Great Britain","Imperial College of Science, Technology, & Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University and Department of Computing, Imperial College, of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, Great Britain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45029084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College of Science, Technology, & Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041029245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45029084","https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3268,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50106232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"189","last_page":"201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10317","display_name":"Advanced Database Systems and Queries","score":0.939300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9373000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8512292504310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reusability","display_name":"Reusability","score":0.7757035493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.756485104560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6635256409645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5662682056427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-architecture","display_name":"Systems architecture","score":0.49191904067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-architecture","display_name":"Reference architecture","score":0.4914501905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4757394790649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4232003092765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applications-architecture","display_name":"Applications architecture","score":0.41968396306037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3581607937812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3404434323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.25536778569221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-architecture","display_name":"Software architecture","score":0.17632949352264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08557605743408203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8512292504310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137981799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369184","display_name":"Reusability","level":3,"score":0.7757035493850708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.756485104560852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6635256409645081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5662682056427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.49191904067993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55356503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2136675","display_name":"Reference architecture","level":4,"score":0.4914501905441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4757394790649414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4232003092765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193309","display_name":"Applications architecture","level":4,"score":0.41968396306037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3581607937812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3404434323310852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.25536778569221497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35869016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846636","display_name":"Software architecture","level":3,"score":0.17632949352264404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08557605743408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0025044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0025044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52158461","https://openalex.org/W64286206","https://openalex.org/W158431697","https://openalex.org/W221670187","https://openalex.org/W591099738","https://openalex.org/W602991975","https://openalex.org/W1490668289","https://openalex.org/W1517007512","https://openalex.org/W1551368431","https://openalex.org/W1579814128","https://openalex.org/W1586989484","https://openalex.org/W1878925561","https://openalex.org/W2120713972","https://openalex.org/W2155570292","https://openalex.org/W2157479452","https://openalex.org/W2161825580","https://openalex.org/W2163832616","https://openalex.org/W2293815615","https://openalex.org/W2531442894","https://openalex.org/W3105775598","https://openalex.org/W6618439147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571352546","https://openalex.org/W2368449771","https://openalex.org/W2342672932","https://openalex.org/W2087235582","https://openalex.org/W2126912710","https://openalex.org/W4206537279","https://openalex.org/W4245166413","https://openalex.org/W2123811486","https://openalex.org/W3116050601","https://openalex.org/W2600748876"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
