{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1836832726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0021818","title":"Constraint-based spring-model algorithm for graph layout","display_name":"Constraint-based spring-model algorithm for graph layout","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1836832726","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0021818","mag":"1836832726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0021818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0021818","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BFb0021818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BFb0021818.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068399763","display_name":"Thomas Kamps","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Kamps","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI), Dolivostr. 15, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany","Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI), Dolivostr. 15, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021995085","display_name":"Joerg Kleinz","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joerg Kleinz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI), Dolivostr. 15, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany","Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI), Dolivostr. 15, D-64293, Darmstadt, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (GMD-IPSI)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063318657","display_name":"John B. Read","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7852-5999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Read","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada","(University of Waterloo)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Combinatorics and Optimization, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"(University of Waterloo)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068399763"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3453,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92197987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"349","last_page":"360"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9732999801635742,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7684035897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6017800569534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5500178337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-layout","display_name":"Graph Layout","score":0.5140405893325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5046757459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.47389641404151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-drawing","display_name":"Graph drawing","score":0.4556853771209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4520258605480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/page-layout","display_name":"Page layout","score":0.4383549988269806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.43514472246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.42473235726356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4137466251850128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34684956073760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18473416566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13952422142028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7684035897254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6017800569534302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5500178337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911174283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739462","display_name":"Graph Layout","level":4,"score":0.5140405893325806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5046757459640503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.47389641404151917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112953755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739462","display_name":"Graph drawing","level":3,"score":0.4556853771209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4520258605480194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188985296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q868954","display_name":"Page layout","level":2,"score":0.4383549988269806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.43514472246170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.42473235726356506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4137466251850128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34684956073760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18473416566848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13952422142028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0021818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0021818","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BFb0021818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gdea.informatik.uni-koeln.de:177","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://gdea.informatik.uni-koeln.de/177/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196197","display_name":"gdea - Graph Drawing E-print Archive (GDEA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0021818","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0021818","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BFb0021818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1836832726.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1836832726.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1020953626","https://openalex.org/W1484937713","https://openalex.org/W1510438512","https://openalex.org/W1589292604","https://openalex.org/W1983963650","https://openalex.org/W1992709202","https://openalex.org/W2021053884","https://openalex.org/W2075220720","https://openalex.org/W2095841666","https://openalex.org/W2105736281","https://openalex.org/W2132881639","https://openalex.org/W2158287445","https://openalex.org/W2167482691","https://openalex.org/W2534789118","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W4241977206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031908202","https://openalex.org/W2766563406","https://openalex.org/W3160329999","https://openalex.org/W2026729066","https://openalex.org/W2010800245","https://openalex.org/W2895526338","https://openalex.org/W2003783600","https://openalex.org/W4297904617","https://openalex.org/W2367461170","https://openalex.org/W2081538034"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}