{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1532135072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020323","title":"Handwritten digit recognition with binary optical perceptron","display_name":"Handwritten digit recognition with binary optical perceptron","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1532135072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020323","mag":"1532135072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0020323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/136283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109608691","display_name":"I. Saxena","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135612","display_name":"Physical Optics Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/037pmhh38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I. Saxena","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Optics Corporation, Gramercy Place, 90501, Torrance, CA, USA","Physical Optics Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corporation, Gramercy Place, 90501, Torrance, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027561354","display_name":"Perry D. Moerland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2357-3659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7495430","display_name":"Idiap Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05932h694","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Moerland","raw_affiliation_strings":["IDIAP, C.P.592, 1920 Martigny, Switzerland","IDIAP"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP, C.P.592, 1920 Martigny, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7495430"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IDIAP","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043585155","display_name":"Emile Fiesler","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135612","display_name":"Physical Optics Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/037pmhh38","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Fiesler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Optics Corporation, Gramercy Place, 90501, Torrance, CA, USA","Physical Optics Corporation"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corporation, Gramercy Place, 90501, Torrance, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Optics Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109234431","display_name":"A.R. Pourzand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57825437","display_name":"University of Neuch\u00e2tel","ror":"https://ror.org/00vasag41","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57825437"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pourzand","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, 2000, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","IMT, University of Neuch\u00e2tel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT, University of Neuch\u00e2tel, 2000, Neuch\u00e2tel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57825437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT, University of Neuch\u00e2tel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57825437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109608691"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135612"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.43,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59741831,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1253","last_page":"1258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7709702253341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.705569326877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.6724050045013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6138976812362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5428405404090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale","display_name":"Grayscale","score":0.5382570624351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-data","display_name":"Binary data","score":0.5194572806358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4691753685474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4646472632884979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41792625188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.41486644744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.19181564450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.18712124228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1045394241809845}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7709702253341675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.705569326877594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.6724050045013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6138976812362671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5428405404090881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78201319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685727","display_name":"Grayscale","level":3,"score":0.5382570624351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779190172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913888","display_name":"Binary data","level":3,"score":0.5194572806358337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4691753685474396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4646472632884979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41792625188827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.41486644744873047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.19181564450263977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.18712124228477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1045394241809845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0020323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020323","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.amsterdamumc.nl:publications/27ca6bf9-2130-423a-93e8-7fd8feab4864","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amsterdamumc.nl/en/publications/27ca6bf9-2130-423a-93e8-7fd8feab4864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055222","display_name":"Pure Amsterdam UMC","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Saxena, I, Moerland, P, Fiesler, E & Pourzand, A 1997, Handwritten digit recognition with binary optical perceptron. in Artificial Neural Networks - ICANN 1997 - 7th International Conference, Proceeedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 1327, Springer Verlag, pp. 1253-1258, 7th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks, ICANN 1997, Lausanne, Switzerland, 08/10/1997. https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0020323","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:amcpub:oai:pure.amc.nl:publications/7cbc69e1-7d24-4242-b67d-a4f942925442","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.amc.nl/en/publications/handwritten-digit-recognition-with-binary-optical-perceptron(7cbc69e1-7d24-4242-b67d-a4f942925442).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Neural Networks - ICANN 1997 - 7th International Conference, Proceeedings, 1253 - 1258","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencepaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.465.6717","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.465.6717","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://publications.idiap.ch/downloads/reports/1997/rr97-15.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.52.2057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.52.2057","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.idiap.ch/pub/reports/1997/rr97-15.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:136283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/136283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:82430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82430","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:82432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.tind.io:82430","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://publications.idiap.ch/index.php/publications/showcite/saxena-97.4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/82430","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:136283","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/136283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506841298","https://openalex.org/W1995245348","https://openalex.org/W1997739804","https://openalex.org/W2015731672","https://openalex.org/W2018413314","https://openalex.org/W2046542508","https://openalex.org/W2057687205","https://openalex.org/W2139035466","https://openalex.org/W4321517919","https://openalex.org/W6630384194"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018029919","https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W2154693897","https://openalex.org/W2019891950","https://openalex.org/W2085842814","https://openalex.org/W4286643620","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W4387048144","https://openalex.org/W2492135063","https://openalex.org/W2362514456"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}