{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2045113984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03181622","title":"PIV measurement of toner particle motion in a micro-gap in the development process of electrophotography","display_name":"PIV measurement of toner particle motion in a micro-gap in the development process of electrophotography","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2045113984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03181622","mag":"2045113984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03181622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03181622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10355277","display_name":"Journal of Visualization","issn_l":"1343-8875","issn":["1343-8875","1875-8975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026168328","display_name":"Nobuyuki Hirooka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15009632","display_name":"Fuji Xerox (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w528w58","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Hirooka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, 259-0157, Kanagawa, Japan","Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 259-0157, Japan. Tel: +81-465-80-2584; Fax: +81-465-81-8983; E-mail: hirooka.nobuyuki@fujixerox.co.j ...#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, 259-0157, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Nakai-machi, Ashigarakami-gun, Kanagawa, 259-0157, Japan. Tel: +81-465-80-2584; Fax: +81-465-81-8983; E-mail: hirooka.nobuyuki@fujixerox.co.j ...#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040351257","display_name":"Shota Oba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15009632","display_name":"Fuji Xerox (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w528w58","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Oba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan","Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038441497","display_name":"Nobuyuki Nakayama","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15009632","display_name":"Fuji Xerox (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/02w528w58","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Nakayama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan","Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Center, Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15009632"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080075845","display_name":"Masaaki Kawahashi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72253084","display_name":"Saitama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02evnh647","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Kawahashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","Saitama University, Saitama, JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saitama University, Saitama, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057511184","display_name":"Masafumi Watanabe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4133-5440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72253084","display_name":"Saitama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02evnh647","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Watanabe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","Saitama University, Saitama, JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saitama University, Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Saitama University, Saitama, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72253084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15297936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"175","last_page":"184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12350","display_name":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12350","display_name":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12163","display_name":"Aerosol Filtration and Electrostatic Precipitation","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12776","display_name":"Electrohydrodynamics and Fluid Dynamics","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-field","display_name":"Electric field","score":0.7220761179924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-image-velocimetry","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","score":0.7216558456420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","score":0.6240339875221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetosphere-particle-motion","display_name":"Magnetosphere particle motion","score":0.5422403216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.48883455991744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion","display_name":"Motion (physics)","score":0.4789453148841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.44524943828582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.43202877044677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4262157082557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.41468727588653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.3320322036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3290434181690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2960662245750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-mechanics","display_name":"Classical mechanics","score":0.2631085515022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.13966920971870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.09429174661636353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60799052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46221","display_name":"Electric field","level":2,"score":0.7220761179924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207857233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756248","display_name":"Particle image velocimetry","level":3,"score":0.7216558456420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778517922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140482","display_name":"Particle (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.6240339875221252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15227799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6731684","display_name":"Magnetosphere particle motion","level":3,"score":0.5422403216362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.48883455991744995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104114177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79782","display_name":"Motion (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4789453148841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44524943828582764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.43202877044677734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4262157082557678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.41468727588653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3320322036743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3290434181690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2960662245750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2631085515022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13966920971870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.09429174661636353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03181622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03181622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10355277","display_name":"Journal of Visualization","issn_l":"1343-8875","issn":["1343-8875","1875-8975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Visualization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073775990","https://openalex.org/W2315188227","https://openalex.org/W2315401692","https://openalex.org/W2327414695","https://openalex.org/W2330490707","https://openalex.org/W4234720407","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4378218740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2059122309","https://openalex.org/W1963792680","https://openalex.org/W2334240383","https://openalex.org/W2054115335","https://openalex.org/W2058072576","https://openalex.org/W2061093991","https://openalex.org/W2075707458","https://openalex.org/W2065307209","https://openalex.org/W4388926304","https://openalex.org/W2372996685"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}