{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128925805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03168502","title":"Displaying radiologic images on personal computers: Practical applications and uses","display_name":"Displaying radiologic images on personal computers: Practical applications and uses","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128925805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03168502","mag":"2128925805","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03168502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03168502","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03168502.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03168502.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090104816","display_name":"Thurman Gillespy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thurman Gillespy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195","Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, Seattle,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, Seattle,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085004653","display_name":"Michael L. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-5893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael L. Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA","Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, Seattle,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, Seattle,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112789238","display_name":"Alan H. Rowberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan H. Rowberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA","Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, Seattle,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, 98195, Seattle, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, SB-05, University of Washington, Seattle,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090104816"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"fwci":2.1805,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89453386,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"101","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9417999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9417999982833862,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9265000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7988559007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.7454438209533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/file-transfer-protocol","display_name":"File Transfer Protocol","score":0.7409225106239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-file-formats","display_name":"Image file formats","score":0.6509120464324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.6086789965629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","score":0.5313791632652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/file-transfer","display_name":"File transfer","score":0.505446195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.48328402638435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-imaging","display_name":"Digital imaging","score":0.47080907225608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-computer","display_name":"Personal computer","score":0.44579648971557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facsimile","display_name":"Facsimile","score":0.44015902280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.4330924153327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/file-format","display_name":"File format","score":0.4272916913032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.35826951265335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3364032506942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.283652126789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2399800419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.20457115769386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.17688781023025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16301286220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.14372289180755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12118759751319885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7988559007644653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.7454438209533691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169485995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42283","display_name":"File Transfer Protocol","level":3,"score":0.7409225106239319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65377053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1572121","display_name":"Image file formats","level":3,"score":0.6509120464324951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.6086789965629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5313791632652283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776162994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q534400","display_name":"File transfer","level":3,"score":0.505446195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.48328402638435364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112416745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974213","display_name":"Digital imaging","level":5,"score":0.47080907225608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988821698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16338","display_name":"Personal computer","level":2,"score":0.44579648971557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778310199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194070","display_name":"Facsimile","level":3,"score":0.44015902280807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.4330924153327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97250363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235557","display_name":"File format","level":2,"score":0.4272916913032532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.35826951265335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3364032506942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.283652126789093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2399800419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.20457115769386292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.17688781023025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16301286220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.14372289180755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12118759751319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001296","descriptor_name":"Audiovisual Aids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003195","descriptor_name":"Computer Communication Networks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003626","descriptor_name":"Data Display","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008838","descriptor_name":"Microcomputers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010781","descriptor_name":"Photography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011327","descriptor_name":"Printing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011327","descriptor_name":"Printing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011327","descriptor_name":"Printing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03168502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03168502","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03168502.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7524690","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7524690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03168502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03168502","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF03168502.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128925805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2128925805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W259546416","https://openalex.org/W268873520","https://openalex.org/W626148821","https://openalex.org/W1975639297","https://openalex.org/W1976196734","https://openalex.org/W1976621579","https://openalex.org/W1980930798","https://openalex.org/W2004736009","https://openalex.org/W2011737361","https://openalex.org/W2012950905","https://openalex.org/W2026124766","https://openalex.org/W2027822132","https://openalex.org/W2069754709","https://openalex.org/W2987643123"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135384951","https://openalex.org/W2375840036","https://openalex.org/W2499212852","https://openalex.org/W1169169361","https://openalex.org/W2538039346","https://openalex.org/W2362700758","https://openalex.org/W2468802515","https://openalex.org/W2621405255","https://openalex.org/W2377033788","https://openalex.org/W2146219031"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"is":[1,170],"the":[2,54,67,70,89,91,161],"fifth":[3],"and":[4,12,18,58,98,103,115,134,149],"final":[5],"article":[6],"in":[7,53,164],"our":[8],"series":[9],"for":[10,111,152,172],"radiologists":[11],"imaging":[13,45],"scientists":[14],"on":[15,22,66],"displaying,":[16],"manipulating,":[17],"analyzing":[19],"radiologic":[20,32,124],"images":[21,33,110,125],"personal":[23],"computers":[24],"(PCs).":[25],"There":[26],"are":[27,143],"many":[28,159],"methods":[29],"of":[30,160],"transferring":[31],"into":[34,126],"a":[35,40,50,60,130,136,145],"PC,":[36,90],"including":[37],"transfer":[38,42,68,178],"over":[39],"network,":[41],"from":[43],"an":[44,75,83],"modality":[46],"storage":[47],"archive,":[48],"using":[49,135],"frame":[51],"grabber":[52],"image":[55,71,92,147],"display":[56,148],"console,":[57],"digitizing":[59],"radiograph":[61],"or":[62,82],"35-mm":[63,107],"slide.":[64],"Depending":[65],"method,":[69],"file":[72,81,177],"may":[73],"be":[74,94],"extended":[76],"gray-scale":[77],"contrast,":[78],"16-bit":[79,146],"raster":[80],"8-bit":[84],"PC":[85],"graphics":[86],"file.":[87],"On":[88],"can":[93],"viewed,":[95],"analyzed,":[96],"enhanced,":[97],"annotated.":[99],"Some":[100],"specific":[101],"uses":[102],"applications":[104],"include":[105],"making":[106,113],"slides,":[108],"printing":[109],"publication,":[112],"posters":[114],"handouts,":[116],"facsimile":[117],"(fax)":[118],"transmission":[119],"to":[120,138],"referring":[121],"clinicians,":[122],"converting":[123],"medical":[127],"illustrations,":[128],"creating":[129],"digital":[131],"teaching":[132,140],"file,":[133],"network":[137],"disseminate":[139],"material.":[141],"We":[142],"distributing":[144],"analysis":[150],"program":[151,169],"Macintosh":[153],"computers,":[154],"Dr":[155],"Razz,":[156],"that":[157],"illustrates":[158],"principles":[162],"discussed":[163],"this":[165],"review":[166],"series.":[167],"The":[168],"available":[171],"no":[173],"charge":[174],"by":[175],"anonymous":[176],"protocol":[179],"(ftp).":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
