{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2135319067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03037383","title":"A Logic-based Calculus of Events","display_name":"A Logic-based Calculus of Events","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2135319067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03037383","mag":"2135319067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03037383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03037383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165364243","display_name":"New Generation Computing","issn_l":"0288-3635","issn":["0288-3635","1882-7055"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Generation Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102730789","display_name":"Robert Kowalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1341-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Kowalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027373995","display_name":"Marek Sergot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3706-1419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Sergot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Imperial College of Science and Technology, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89305022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"217","last_page":"240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation","display_name":"Negation","score":0.8264011740684509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6626195311546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.5762036442756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-calculus","display_name":"Event calculus","score":0.5648506283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negation-as-failure","display_name":"Negation as failure","score":0.5379190444946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/horn-clause","display_name":"Horn clause","score":0.5083290934562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/belief-revision","display_name":"Belief revision","score":0.5020616054534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complete-information","display_name":"Complete information","score":0.43257877230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.43240275979042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40984809398651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-programming","display_name":"Logic programming","score":0.395863801240921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3279213309288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.31429097056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22334301471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoepistemic-logic","display_name":"Autoepistemic logic","score":0.19241511821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/description-logic","display_name":"Description logic","score":0.19240951538085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-logic","display_name":"Multimodal logic","score":0.19056126475334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.10142084956169128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.8264011740684509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6626195311546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.5762036442756653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18460168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416707","display_name":"Event calculus","level":2,"score":0.5648506283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194146651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119400","display_name":"Negation as failure","level":5,"score":0.5379190444946289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189790780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933932","display_name":"Horn clause","level":3,"score":0.5083290934562683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128913409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3566063","display_name":"Belief revision","level":2,"score":0.5020616054534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113336015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574010","display_name":"Complete information","level":2,"score":0.43257877230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.43240275979042053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40984809398651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.395863801240921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3279213309288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.31429097056388855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22334301471710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3845977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826262","display_name":"Autoepistemic logic","level":4,"score":0.19241511821746826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102993220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387196","display_name":"Description logic","level":2,"score":0.19240951538085938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203659156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934805","display_name":"Multimodal logic","level":3,"score":0.19056126475334167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.10142084956169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf03037383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03037383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165364243","display_name":"New Generation Computing","issn_l":"0288-3635","issn":["0288-3635","1882-7055"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Generation Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780199268535.003.0012","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199268535.003.0012","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Language Of Time","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"mag:2135319067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/conf/db-workshops/xania85.html#KowalskiS85","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994107337","https://openalex.org/W2070664739","https://openalex.org/W2122540544","https://openalex.org/W2138162238","https://openalex.org/W2161484642","https://openalex.org/W2212036697","https://openalex.org/W3122260763","https://openalex.org/W6631451553"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114462967","https://openalex.org/W2395426698","https://openalex.org/W2911538936","https://openalex.org/W2120697425","https://openalex.org/W2076706802","https://openalex.org/W2027345614","https://openalex.org/W1873611464","https://openalex.org/W2187265480","https://openalex.org/W1592588918","https://openalex.org/W2216164161","https://openalex.org/W2569947056","https://openalex.org/W2999843026","https://openalex.org/W1989935310","https://openalex.org/W1480089038","https://openalex.org/W2204785135","https://openalex.org/W2479478345","https://openalex.org/W2077889518","https://openalex.org/W750396584","https://openalex.org/W1496815773","https://openalex.org/W1875335166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Formal":[1],"Logic":[2,82],"can":[3,16],"be":[4,17],"used":[5,18],"to":[6,19,49],"represent":[7],"knowledge":[8],"of":[9,35,39,53,73,79,93,99,107],"many":[10,13,32],"kinds":[11],"for":[12,70],"purposes.":[14],"It":[15],"formalize":[20,50],"programs,":[21],"program":[22],"specifications,":[23],"databases,":[24],"legislation,":[25],"and":[26,75],"natural":[27],"language":[28],"in":[29,55,102],"general.":[30],"For":[31],"such":[33],"applications":[34],"logic":[36,66,109,122],"a":[37,91,121],"representation":[38,72],"time":[40,54,74],"is":[41,60,67,83,118],"necessary.":[42],"Although":[43],"there":[44],"have":[45],"been":[46],"several":[47],"attempts":[48],"the":[51,71,97,103],"notion":[52,98],"classical":[56,65,108],"first-order":[57],"logic,":[58],"it":[59],"still":[61],"widely":[62],"believed":[63],"that":[64,76],"not":[68],"adequate":[69],"some":[77],"form":[78],"non-classical":[80],"Temporal":[81],"needed.":[84],"In":[85],"this":[86],"paper,":[87],"we":[88],"shall":[89],"outline":[90],"treatment":[92],"time,":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96],"event,":[100],"formalized":[101],"Horn":[104],"clause":[105],"subset":[106],"augmented":[110],"with":[111],"negation":[112],"as":[113,120],"failure.":[114],"The":[115],"resulting":[116],"formalization":[117],"executable":[119],"program.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}