{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2025437245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02458486","title":"Can technology lead to a competitive advantage? A case study of Flanders using european patent data","display_name":"Can technology lead to a competitive advantage? A case study of Flanders using european patent data","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2025437245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02458486","mag":"2025437245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02458486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02458486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/118570","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013340832","display_name":"Koenraad Debackere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-0668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. Debackere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, (Belgium)","Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Leuven, (Belgium)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Leuven, (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059741860","display_name":"Marc Luwel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3133-1737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802993344","display_name":"Directorate-General for Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ef4as46","country_code":"BE","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I2802993344"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Luwel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Innovation Administration, Boundewijnlaan 30, 1000, Brussels, (Belgium)","Science and Innovation Administration, Brussels, (Belgium)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Innovation Administration, Boundewijnlaan 30, 1000, Brussels, (Belgium)","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Innovation Administration, Brussels, (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802993344"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025678672","display_name":"Reinhilde Veugelers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7071-7013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhilde Veugelers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, (Belgium)","Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Leuven, (Belgium)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Naamsestraat 69, 3000, Leuven, (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Katholieke Univerersiteit Leuven, Leuven, (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013340832"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83392439,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"379","last_page":"400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flemish","display_name":"Flemish","score":0.9448850154876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-advantage","display_name":"Competitive advantage","score":0.5395220518112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"Technological change","score":0.5063568353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5042911767959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-science","display_name":"Regional science","score":0.5042620897293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.5029160380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-advantage","display_name":"Comparative advantage","score":0.48789024353027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.475740909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.46424707770347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.44124385714530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.44027984142303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3093298673629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.2782621681690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.24754074215888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.24529436230659485}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776802314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34147","display_name":"Flemish","level":2,"score":0.9448850154876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58546491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1150207","display_name":"Competitive advantage","level":2,"score":0.5395220518112183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.5063568353652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5042911767959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.5042620897293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.5029160380363464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76474335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215551","display_name":"Comparative advantage","level":2,"score":0.48789024353027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.475740909576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46424707770347595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.44124385714530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.44027984142303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3093298673629761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2782621681690216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.24754074215888977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.24529436230659485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02458486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02458486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/118570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/118570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTEW Research Report 9838, (1-34)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.197.1971","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.197.1971","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.econ.kuleuven.ac.be/tew/academic/strateg/staff/rveug/technpos.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:scient:v:44:y:1999:i:3:d:10.1007_bf02458486","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://link.springer.com/10.1007/BF02458486","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:lirias2repo.kuleuven.be:123456789/118570","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://lirias.kuleuven.be/handle/123456789/118570","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401954","display_name":"Lirias (KU Leuven)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","host_organization_name":"KU Leuven","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTEW Research Report 9838, (1-34)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522670635","https://openalex.org/W1547201892","https://openalex.org/W1976395435","https://openalex.org/W2013161843","https://openalex.org/W2024205899","https://openalex.org/W2026355896","https://openalex.org/W2031759074","https://openalex.org/W2044234666","https://openalex.org/W2053122903","https://openalex.org/W2056994669","https://openalex.org/W2066587784","https://openalex.org/W2084957950","https://openalex.org/W2089708437","https://openalex.org/W2094679102","https://openalex.org/W2142257426","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2597254820","https://openalex.org/W3122424070","https://openalex.org/W3123055224","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W4286779346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367294968","https://openalex.org/W2369092267","https://openalex.org/W2370809013","https://openalex.org/W2388594399","https://openalex.org/W2363798986","https://openalex.org/W2382267638","https://openalex.org/W2351387222","https://openalex.org/W2365029874","https://openalex.org/W2363376994","https://openalex.org/W2387707922"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}