{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088889651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02414893","title":"Independent control of joint stiffness in the framework of the equilibrium-point hypothesis","display_name":"Independent control of joint stiffness in the framework of the equilibrium-point hypothesis","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088889651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02414893","mag":"2088889651","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1515515"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02414893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02414893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037118326","display_name":"Mark L. Latash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3102-2571"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark L. Latash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612","Department of Physiology and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rush Medical College, Chicago, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL 60612","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Rush Medical College, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037118326"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8289,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73716475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"4","first_page":"377","last_page":"384"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13752","display_name":"Mechanics and Biomechanics Studies","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.6608368158340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.6446483731269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-system","display_name":"Complex system","score":0.5698460936546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-stiffness","display_name":"Joint stiffness","score":0.5626018047332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5464283227920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equilibrium-point","display_name":"Equilibrium point","score":0.5100098848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.43348467350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.4227801561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.4035170376300812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.37554386258125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3644101619720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3393239676952362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25156867504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.20069238543510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.18985044956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15267512202262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.128301203250885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.6608368158340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.6446483731269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47822265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854457","display_name":"Complex system","level":2,"score":0.5698460936546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781415944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559210","display_name":"Joint stiffness","level":3,"score":0.5626018047332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5464283227920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94766913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530271","display_name":"Equilibrium point","level":3,"score":0.5100098848342896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.43348467350006104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.4227801561355591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.4035170376300812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37554386258125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3644101619720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3393239676952362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25156867504119873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.20069238543510437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.18985044956207275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15267512202262878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.128301203250885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007596","descriptor_name":"Joints","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009068","descriptor_name":"Movement","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012026","descriptor_name":"Reflex, Stretch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012026","descriptor_name":"Reflex, Stretch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012026","descriptor_name":"Reflex, Stretch","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02414893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02414893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1515515","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1515515","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50423270","https://openalex.org/W172573971","https://openalex.org/W1554567295","https://openalex.org/W1973618619","https://openalex.org/W1981815942","https://openalex.org/W1989579169","https://openalex.org/W2001389197","https://openalex.org/W2014257603","https://openalex.org/W2015683151","https://openalex.org/W2018316509","https://openalex.org/W2038344890","https://openalex.org/W2056032492","https://openalex.org/W2060874155","https://openalex.org/W2080848149","https://openalex.org/W2107475312","https://openalex.org/W2137467440","https://openalex.org/W2220667570","https://openalex.org/W2405286747","https://openalex.org/W2409925786","https://openalex.org/W2411094413","https://openalex.org/W2464191723"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083759350","https://openalex.org/W3133687580","https://openalex.org/W2021098562","https://openalex.org/W1566538768","https://openalex.org/W1897710365","https://openalex.org/W2317038355","https://openalex.org/W2942851934","https://openalex.org/W2366081543","https://openalex.org/W2116005591","https://openalex.org/W4386883573"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
