{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2107338824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02283610","title":"On the average cost optimality equation and the structure of optimal policies for partially observable Markov decision processes","display_name":"On the average cost optimality equation and the structure of optimal policies for partially observable Markov decision processes","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2107338824","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02283610","mag":"2107338824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02283610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02283610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012349580","display_name":"E. Fern\u00e1ndez-Gaucherand","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanuel Fern\u00e1ndez-Gaucherand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1084, Austin, Texas, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1084, Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022435379","display_name":"Ari Arapostathis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2207-357X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aristotle Arapostathis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1084, Austin, Texas, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1084, Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013807415","display_name":"Steven I. Marcus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4926-9567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven I. Marcus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1084, Austin, Texas, USA","Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712-1084, Austin, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4223,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89631902,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":"439","last_page":"469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12617","display_name":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.930400013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observable","display_name":"Observable","score":0.7054309844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.697899341583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countable-set","display_name":"Countable set","score":0.6879680752754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6858452558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partially-observable-markov-decision-process","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","score":0.624472439289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.6133281588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-space","display_name":"State space","score":0.6074903607368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.6030198931694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action","display_name":"Action (physics)","score":0.6009341478347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5750546455383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polish-space","display_name":"Polish space","score":0.5226421356201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-set","display_name":"Finite set","score":0.513102650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5033101439476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.500319242477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4771825075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.47089651226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.43389689922332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4196707308292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.3924248218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2647244334220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.1784386932849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12737241387367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09817323088645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07491809129714966}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.7054309844970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.697899341583252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110729354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185478","display_name":"Countable set","level":2,"score":0.6879680752754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6858452558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17098449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176814","display_name":"Partially observable Markov decision process","level":4,"score":0.624472439289093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.6133281588554382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72434380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230930","display_name":"State space","level":2,"score":0.6074903607368469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.6030198931694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6009341478347778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5750546455383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31316033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207972","display_name":"Polish space","level":3,"score":0.5226421356201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162392398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272404","display_name":"Finite set","level":2,"score":0.513102650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5033101439476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.500319242477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4771825075149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.47089651226997375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.43389689922332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4196707308292389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3924248218536377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2647244334220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1784386932849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12737241387367249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09817323088645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07491809129714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70710897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q680081","display_name":"Separable space","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02283610","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02283610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.50.5125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.50.5125","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.isr.umd.edu/~marcus/docs/acoe.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41599142","https://openalex.org/W56535507","https://openalex.org/W1484113995","https://openalex.org/W1490525448","https://openalex.org/W1515687042","https://openalex.org/W1529558080","https://openalex.org/W1535136082","https://openalex.org/W1545148916","https://openalex.org/W1966294600","https://openalex.org/W1972176367","https://openalex.org/W1973589169","https://openalex.org/W1976732220","https://openalex.org/W1978509532","https://openalex.org/W1981341568","https://openalex.org/W1986287620","https://openalex.org/W1986404323","https://openalex.org/W1993308752","https://openalex.org/W1995805165","https://openalex.org/W2008498783","https://openalex.org/W2011418219","https://openalex.org/W2016402009","https://openalex.org/W2016641399","https://openalex.org/W2028586524","https://openalex.org/W2029561387","https://openalex.org/W2031348582","https://openalex.org/W2031555508","https://openalex.org/W2032509103","https://openalex.org/W2034725503","https://openalex.org/W2035446426","https://openalex.org/W2043378258","https://openalex.org/W2044375425","https://openalex.org/W2044549125","https://openalex.org/W2053537821","https://openalex.org/W2065284701","https://openalex.org/W2068782949","https://openalex.org/W2069065005","https://openalex.org/W2071370395","https://openalex.org/W2072706539","https://openalex.org/W2075139606","https://openalex.org/W2076337359","https://openalex.org/W2078228257","https://openalex.org/W2087873196","https://openalex.org/W2087896522","https://openalex.org/W2090383517","https://openalex.org/W2092543186","https://openalex.org/W2094140762","https://openalex.org/W2095267417","https://openalex.org/W2096630263","https://openalex.org/W2100666906","https://openalex.org/W2114951919","https://openalex.org/W2115809996","https://openalex.org/W2120940840","https://openalex.org/W2123651102","https://openalex.org/W2134961363","https://openalex.org/W2147329226","https://openalex.org/W2153538645","https://openalex.org/W2158772531","https://openalex.org/W2171029115","https://openalex.org/W2317531417","https://openalex.org/W2324831421","https://openalex.org/W2334404018","https://openalex.org/W2334732686","https://openalex.org/W2755066593","https://openalex.org/W2799137445","https://openalex.org/W2921223879","https://openalex.org/W3140571750","https://openalex.org/W4237171445","https://openalex.org/W4242780150","https://openalex.org/W4245744559","https://openalex.org/W4247562523","https://openalex.org/W4254964407","https://openalex.org/W6605838982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096013579","https://openalex.org/W1589140671","https://openalex.org/W1760611253","https://openalex.org/W52153049","https://openalex.org/W2951545791","https://openalex.org/W1515117609","https://openalex.org/W2294884454","https://openalex.org/W4323315247","https://openalex.org/W3169161914","https://openalex.org/W3208638985"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}