{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970179431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02096258","title":"Degeneracy graphs: theory and application an updated survey","display_name":"Degeneracy graphs: theory and application an updated survey","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970179431","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02096258","mag":"1970179431"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02096258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02096258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039513667","display_name":"Tom\u00e1\u0161 G\u00e1l","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7383-5672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120691247","display_name":"University of Hagen","ror":"https://ror.org/04tkkr536","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomas Gal","raw_affiliation_strings":["FernUniversit\u00e4t Hagen, Germany","FernUniversit\u00e4t Hagen, Germany,"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FernUniversit\u00e4t Hagen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"FernUniversit\u00e4t Hagen, Germany,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039513667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120691247"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.819,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"46-47","issue":"1","first_page":"81","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9801999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degeneracy","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","score":0.8679450750350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.832640528678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degenerate-energy-levels","display_name":"Degenerate energy levels","score":0.7833307385444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplex-algorithm","display_name":"Simplex algorithm","score":0.5141153931617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simplex","display_name":"Simplex","score":0.5089132785797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5026872158050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5003871917724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.43814393877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.39132189750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.33583399653434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2101708948612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.19214823842048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08069035410881042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777727622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251772","display_name":"Degeneracy (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8679450750350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.832640528678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72319582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584304","display_name":"Degenerate energy levels","level":2,"score":0.7833307385444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144521790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134164","display_name":"Simplex algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5141153931617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62438384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331350","display_name":"Simplex","level":2,"score":0.5089132785797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5026872158050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5003871917724609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.43814393877983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.39132189750671387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.33583399653434753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2101708948612213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.19214823842048645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08069035410881042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02096258","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02096258","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57667410","display_name":"Annals of Operations Research","issn_l":"0254-5330","issn":["0254-5330","1572-9338"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Operations Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/223034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/223034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"I - Miscellaneous"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32221055","https://openalex.org/W81442938","https://openalex.org/W85949751","https://openalex.org/W156876735","https://openalex.org/W233935999","https://openalex.org/W290023117","https://openalex.org/W622962059","https://openalex.org/W1513869646","https://openalex.org/W1573502202","https://openalex.org/W1862519416","https://openalex.org/W1971258090","https://openalex.org/W1974142055","https://openalex.org/W1975463324","https://openalex.org/W1977310057","https://openalex.org/W1983398636","https://openalex.org/W1993620023","https://openalex.org/W1998661963","https://openalex.org/W2004086384","https://openalex.org/W2007134319","https://openalex.org/W2007619363","https://openalex.org/W2009005114","https://openalex.org/W2009162210","https://openalex.org/W2011562113","https://openalex.org/W2012044979","https://openalex.org/W2013327579","https://openalex.org/W2016853911","https://openalex.org/W2017069611","https://openalex.org/W2019053404","https://openalex.org/W2019668690","https://openalex.org/W2020310370","https://openalex.org/W2026653926","https://openalex.org/W2027341106","https://openalex.org/W2030334004","https://openalex.org/W2043732800","https://openalex.org/W2044177413","https://openalex.org/W2050016759","https://openalex.org/W2053732480","https://openalex.org/W2055967676","https://openalex.org/W2066018928","https://openalex.org/W2066656703","https://openalex.org/W2071094669","https://openalex.org/W2071549198","https://openalex.org/W2073264848","https://openalex.org/W2078552136","https://openalex.org/W2081964341","https://openalex.org/W2082824470","https://openalex.org/W2083590362","https://openalex.org/W2084062866","https://openalex.org/W2084320183","https://openalex.org/W2084324684","https://openalex.org/W2087817570","https://openalex.org/W2088128439","https://openalex.org/W2091195410","https://openalex.org/W2091467991","https://openalex.org/W2095608012","https://openalex.org/W2115903355","https://openalex.org/W2119822193","https://openalex.org/W2124163050","https://openalex.org/W2127470768","https://openalex.org/W2129506323","https://openalex.org/W2137427562","https://openalex.org/W2146657468","https://openalex.org/W2162703724","https://openalex.org/W2166016858","https://openalex.org/W2170414297","https://openalex.org/W2175520202","https://openalex.org/W2294259342","https://openalex.org/W2321503613","https://openalex.org/W2326285341","https://openalex.org/W2326954772","https://openalex.org/W2477958652","https://openalex.org/W2504537197","https://openalex.org/W2605855364","https://openalex.org/W2751335644","https://openalex.org/W4205298846","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632207275"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2125277162","https://openalex.org/W1552514155","https://openalex.org/W168460013","https://openalex.org/W4287687395","https://openalex.org/W2215112080","https://openalex.org/W3037733829","https://openalex.org/W4300428659","https://openalex.org/W2036979411","https://openalex.org/W2026856841","https://openalex.org/W4292881691"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
