{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2004869720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02020427","title":"A characterization of illumination models and shading techniques","display_name":"A characterization of illumination models and shading techniques","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2004869720","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02020427","mag":"2004869720"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02020427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02020427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042392287","display_name":"Roy A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-1387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roy Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waverfront Technologies, 530 E. Montecito Street, 93103, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Waverfront Technologies, Santa Barbara, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waverfront Technologies, 530 E. Montecito Street, 93103, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waverfront Technologies, Santa Barbara, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042392287"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1186,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86005435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"5","first_page":"268","last_page":"277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11211","display_name":"3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1907","display_name":"Geology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10719","display_name":"3D Shape Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.8267384767532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7153517603874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6641026139259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.6130732297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.60260409116745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5291339159011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.5158583521842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.4190356135368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.34595930576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.32950782775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3290819525718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20905858278274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10209774971008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09488987922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08479231595993042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.8267384767532349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7153517603874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6641026139259338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.6130732297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.60260409116745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5291339159011841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.5158583521842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4190356135368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.34595930576324463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.32950782775878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3290819525718689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20905858278274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10209774971008301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09488987922668457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08479231595993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02020427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02020427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94925569","https://openalex.org/W1589761358","https://openalex.org/W1968878285","https://openalex.org/W1982661771","https://openalex.org/W1982789319","https://openalex.org/W1983924081","https://openalex.org/W1991700758","https://openalex.org/W1994696069","https://openalex.org/W2000861327","https://openalex.org/W2035099413","https://openalex.org/W2050422177","https://openalex.org/W2050744010","https://openalex.org/W2060830712","https://openalex.org/W2063087073","https://openalex.org/W2104227581","https://openalex.org/W2104587129","https://openalex.org/W2122585444","https://openalex.org/W2160203169","https://openalex.org/W2161446118","https://openalex.org/W2170371392","https://openalex.org/W2173197174","https://openalex.org/W2173672816","https://openalex.org/W3005527513","https://openalex.org/W4213047673","https://openalex.org/W4232290346","https://openalex.org/W4248529434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234077872","https://openalex.org/W2030385739","https://openalex.org/W2041985731","https://openalex.org/W836111064","https://openalex.org/W1983459995","https://openalex.org/W4246418678","https://openalex.org/W4244555377","https://openalex.org/W2759856772","https://openalex.org/W1995885734","https://openalex.org/W2316377034"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
