{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088173995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02017154","title":"Invisible colleges as science elites","display_name":"Invisible colleges as science elites","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088173995","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02017154","mag":"2088173995"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02017154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02017154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053901699","display_name":"Nicholas C. Mullins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N. C. Mullins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061, Blacksberg, Virginia, (USA)","Department of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksberg, (USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 24061, Blacksberg, Virginia, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksberg, (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053901699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95615697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3-6","first_page":"357","last_page":"368"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10546","display_name":"Higher Education Governance and Development","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.9369000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite","display_name":"Elite","score":0.8782093524932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advisory-committee","display_name":"Advisory committee","score":0.6025463342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5805687308311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5477151870727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.46117058396339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.44042813777923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.27841484546661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration","display_name":"Public administration","score":0.22561347484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politics","display_name":"Politics","score":0.21429646015167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2069588601589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.18627524375915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14706915616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.11691734194755554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.8782093524932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017489713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4686866","display_name":"Advisory committee","level":2,"score":0.6025463342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5805687308311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5477151870727539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46117058396339417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.44042813777923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27841484546661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.22561347484588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.21429646015167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2069588601589203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.18627524375915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14706915616989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.11691734194755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf02017154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02017154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148561398","display_name":"Scientometrics","issn_l":"0138-9130","issn":["0138-9130","1588-2861"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientometrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W626885307","https://openalex.org/W1546171873","https://openalex.org/W1590130922","https://openalex.org/W1973814912","https://openalex.org/W2019701925","https://openalex.org/W2034977776","https://openalex.org/W2049610961","https://openalex.org/W2072915523","https://openalex.org/W2167651468","https://openalex.org/W2335461596","https://openalex.org/W4242372500","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3173976592","https://openalex.org/W650538140","https://openalex.org/W4386010110","https://openalex.org/W2322432826","https://openalex.org/W2047008865","https://openalex.org/W2943855857","https://openalex.org/W1531633990","https://openalex.org/W1589465577","https://openalex.org/W2350164584","https://openalex.org/W3126144941"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}