{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075198321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01908545","title":"Knowledge-based systems and issues of integration: A commercial perspective","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems and issues of integration: A commercial perspective","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075198321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01908545","mag":"2075198321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01908545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01908545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033887261","display_name":"Karl M. Wiig","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087040","display_name":"Hillenbrand (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/000ahf130","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087040"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Karl M Wiig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Partner Coopers & Lybrand, Suite 3000, 1999 Bryan Street, 25201, Dallas, Texas, USA","Partner Coopers & Lybrand, Dallas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partner Coopers & Lybrand, Suite 3000, 1999 Bryan Street, 25201, Dallas, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087040"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Partner Coopers & Lybrand, Dallas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087040"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033887261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087040"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.29892266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"3","first_page":"209","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13204","display_name":"Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence","score":0.6510999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13204","display_name":"Competitive and Knowledge Intelligence","score":0.6510999798774719,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6865636110305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.6350361108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5402514338493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47579512000083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.43122348189353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4272249639034271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3635096549987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-management","display_name":"Process management","score":0.35325106978416443}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6865636110305786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.6350361108779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5402514338493347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47579512000083923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43122348189353943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4272249639034271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3635096549987793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.35325106978416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01908545","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01908545","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190517","display_name":"AI & Society","issn_l":"0951-5666","issn":["0951-5666","1435-5655"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AI & Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2915914","https://openalex.org/W82954063","https://openalex.org/W221549650","https://openalex.org/W298104119","https://openalex.org/W568644735","https://openalex.org/W1495403436","https://openalex.org/W1514583064","https://openalex.org/W1564733196","https://openalex.org/W1593200258","https://openalex.org/W1654548009","https://openalex.org/W1705714200","https://openalex.org/W1983773952","https://openalex.org/W2015786838","https://openalex.org/W2023878058","https://openalex.org/W2054699624","https://openalex.org/W2076476179","https://openalex.org/W2103950719","https://openalex.org/W2333057202","https://openalex.org/W2978845797","https://openalex.org/W3021840452","https://openalex.org/W3093981756","https://openalex.org/W3147316366","https://openalex.org/W3147748644","https://openalex.org/W3165092732","https://openalex.org/W4249242153","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4361835045","https://openalex.org/W4405148832","https://openalex.org/W6603317129","https://openalex.org/W6629892571","https://openalex.org/W6630743200","https://openalex.org/W6633907257","https://openalex.org/W6637069173","https://openalex.org/W6639384675","https://openalex.org/W6645896655","https://openalex.org/W6655129463","https://openalex.org/W6670013744","https://openalex.org/W7071152246","https://openalex.org/W7075267591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W2361278909","https://openalex.org/W2352536444","https://openalex.org/W2349982312","https://openalex.org/W2388605575","https://openalex.org/W3034765317","https://openalex.org/W2369577326","https://openalex.org/W2335190812","https://openalex.org/W4214937936"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}