{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049676104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01905689","title":"Halftoning without dither or edge enhancement","display_name":"Halftoning without dither or edge enhancement","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049676104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01905689","mag":"2049676104"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01905689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01905689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023958412","display_name":"A. J. Cole","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16835326","display_name":"University of St Andrews","ror":"https://ror.org/02wn5qz54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"A. J. Cole","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computational Science, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SXS, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK","Department of Computational Science, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Science, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SXS, St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computational Science, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023958412"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16835326"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6824,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65456061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"5-6","first_page":"232","last_page":"246"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9526000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13049","display_name":"Surface Roughness and Optical Measurements","score":0.9509999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.9562466740608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.6541520357131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5470833778381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.5168707370758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-enhancement","display_name":"Edge enhancement","score":0.48882409930229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tile","display_name":"Tile","score":0.47987261414527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4668805003166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphics","display_name":"Graphics","score":0.4522193372249603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.43132779002189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.427725613117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42737501859664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38186880946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.366064190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.2891077995300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-enhancement","display_name":"Image enhancement","score":0.22939375042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.2266966998577118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.21002450585365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-shaping","display_name":"Noise shaping","score":0.12721312046051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09073233604431152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.9562466740608215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.6541520357131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5470833778381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.5168707370758057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30108884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1242761","display_name":"Edge enhancement","level":4,"score":0.48882409930229187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780728851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468402","display_name":"Tile","level":2,"score":0.47987261414527893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4668805003166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.4522193372249603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43132779002189636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.427725613117218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42737501859664917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38186880946159363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.366064190864563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2891077995300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017601658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q545981","display_name":"Image enhancement","level":3,"score":0.22939375042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2266966998577118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.21002450585365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.12721312046051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09073233604431152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01905689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01905689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S73060445","display_name":"The Visual Computer","issn_l":"0178-2789","issn":["0178-2789","1432-2315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Visual Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549390277","https://openalex.org/W1998519878","https://openalex.org/W2005047329","https://openalex.org/W2005849190","https://openalex.org/W2013117537","https://openalex.org/W2018032755","https://openalex.org/W2040879131","https://openalex.org/W2048181291","https://openalex.org/W2052636185","https://openalex.org/W2053717006","https://openalex.org/W2072605585","https://openalex.org/W2077520806","https://openalex.org/W2138725603","https://openalex.org/W2616163540","https://openalex.org/W2796881831","https://openalex.org/W4236789552","https://openalex.org/W4246962530"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389128124","https://openalex.org/W2364812720","https://openalex.org/W2138725603","https://openalex.org/W1984486060","https://openalex.org/W2050335563","https://openalex.org/W3001913892","https://openalex.org/W2273639645","https://openalex.org/W2050646564","https://openalex.org/W1507581877","https://openalex.org/W2049676104"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}