{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043382734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01593790","title":"Restart procedures for the conjugate gradient method","display_name":"Restart procedures for the conjugate gradient method","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043382734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01593790","mag":"2043382734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01593790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01593790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193920097","display_name":"Mathematical Programming","issn_l":"0025-5610","issn":["0025-5610","1436-4646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108942511","display_name":"M. J. D. Powell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092957","display_name":"Research Complex at Harwell","ror":"https://ror.org/00gqx0331","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. J. D. Powell","raw_affiliation_strings":["A.E.R.E., Harwell, England","A.E.R.E., Harwell, England#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.E.R.E., Harwell, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.E.R.E., Harwell, England#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108942511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092957"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.4996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1709,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98993029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"241","last_page":"254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12661","display_name":"Iterative Methods for Nonlinear Equations","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","score":0.8413611054420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6895829439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5831372737884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5567104816436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Nonlinear conjugate gradient method","score":0.5293543934822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/derivation-of-the-conjugate-gradient-method","display_name":"Derivation of the conjugate gradient method","score":0.49747493863105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4902532398700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conjugate-residual-method","display_name":"Conjugate residual method","score":0.4856349527835846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.47486329078674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47381865978240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.4528036415576935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-method","display_name":"Gradient method","score":0.44043588638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/numerical-analysis","display_name":"Numerical analysis","score":0.4378643333911896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4367217421531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2882559299468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.16089627146720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.0771055817604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.07151439785957336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81184566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191895","display_name":"Conjugate gradient method","level":2,"score":0.8413611054420471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6895829439163208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5831372737884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5567104816436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26362088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17086453","display_name":"Nonlinear conjugate gradient method","level":4,"score":0.5293543934822083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198562538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5262612","display_name":"Derivation of the conjugate gradient method","level":5,"score":0.49747493863105774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4902532398700714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91394653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5161159","display_name":"Conjugate residual method","level":4,"score":0.4856349527835846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.47486329078674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47381865978240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.4528036415576935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115680565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5977448","display_name":"Gradient method","level":2,"score":0.44043588638305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48753275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11216","display_name":"Numerical analysis","level":2,"score":0.4378643333911896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4367217421531677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2882559299468994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.16089627146720886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0771055817604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.07151439785957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01593790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01593790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193920097","display_name":"Mathematical Programming","issn_l":"0025-5610","issn":["0025-5610","1436-4646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/626083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/626083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"R - Report"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338284","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006729027","https://openalex.org/W2012231377","https://openalex.org/W2022772618","https://openalex.org/W2061127301","https://openalex.org/W2071609006","https://openalex.org/W2085690530","https://openalex.org/W3134771994","https://openalex.org/W3142300713","https://openalex.org/W4236240466","https://openalex.org/W4254522940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098528027","https://openalex.org/W2005717169","https://openalex.org/W2183734858","https://openalex.org/W3159557833","https://openalex.org/W4319027779","https://openalex.org/W2357791884","https://openalex.org/W4291138102","https://openalex.org/W2017958786","https://openalex.org/W3159907817","https://openalex.org/W2941778027"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":43},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":60},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":53},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":55}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
