{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003140178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01584647","title":"Exact penalty functions in nonlinear programming","display_name":"Exact penalty functions in nonlinear programming","publication_year":1973,"publication_date":"1973-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003140178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01584647","mag":"2003140178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01584647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01584647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193920097","display_name":"Mathematical Programming","issn_l":"0025-5610","issn":["0025-5610","1436-4646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070461219","display_name":"James P. Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-8077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. P. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of North Carolina, 27514, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA","The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina, 27514, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056476770","display_name":"F. J. Gould","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. J. Gould","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of North Carolina, 27514, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA","The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina, 27514, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054755159","display_name":"Jon W. Tolle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Tolle","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of North Carolina, 27514, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA","The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina, 27514, Chapel Hill, N.C., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070461219"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0998,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":304,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97281411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"72","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10545","display_name":"Optimization and Variational Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10963","display_name":"Advanced Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2612","display_name":"Numerical Analysis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.8450013399124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penalty-method","display_name":"Penalty method","score":0.7448357939720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differentiable-function","display_name":"Differentiable function","score":0.6769812107086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.6136033535003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-programming","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","score":0.5666235089302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5235925912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5190354585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.49064841866493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semi-infinite-programming","display_name":"Semi-infinite programming","score":0.4430965185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.2037755846977234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8450013399124146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6180225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3411771","display_name":"Penalty method","level":2,"score":0.7448357939720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202615002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q783507","display_name":"Differentiable function","level":2,"score":0.6769812107086182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.6136033535003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115527620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769909","display_name":"Nonlinear programming","level":3,"score":0.5666235089302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5235925912857056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5190354585647583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.49064841866493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780394207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449304","display_name":"Semi-infinite programming","level":3,"score":0.4430965185165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.2037755846977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112680207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886","display_name":"Regular polygon","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01584647","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01584647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193920097","display_name":"Mathematical Programming","issn_l":"0025-5610","issn":["0025-5610","1436-4646"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Programming","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100063776","https://openalex.org/W1521396672","https://openalex.org/W1550987728","https://openalex.org/W1573176827","https://openalex.org/W1597888531","https://openalex.org/W1608937451","https://openalex.org/W1967467346","https://openalex.org/W1973520969","https://openalex.org/W1974893068","https://openalex.org/W1976086748","https://openalex.org/W1978037315","https://openalex.org/W1988381196","https://openalex.org/W1989108521","https://openalex.org/W1991002907","https://openalex.org/W2003140178","https://openalex.org/W2003211636","https://openalex.org/W2009399399","https://openalex.org/W2014746566","https://openalex.org/W2018508199","https://openalex.org/W2021350363","https://openalex.org/W2022922836","https://openalex.org/W2026517383","https://openalex.org/W2026850727","https://openalex.org/W2030184503","https://openalex.org/W2032266076","https://openalex.org/W2049060162","https://openalex.org/W2052822709","https://openalex.org/W2053661713","https://openalex.org/W2057875970","https://openalex.org/W2071439291","https://openalex.org/W2072576444","https://openalex.org/W2075867411","https://openalex.org/W2085919628","https://openalex.org/W2093404847","https://openalex.org/W2107943026","https://openalex.org/W2111948593","https://openalex.org/W2114013702","https://openalex.org/W2137216882","https://openalex.org/W2148609440","https://openalex.org/W2326806701","https://openalex.org/W2797412883","https://openalex.org/W3012080241","https://openalex.org/W3201786280","https://openalex.org/W4253922247","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6644298593","https://openalex.org/W6655421336","https://openalex.org/W7043445936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3104141912","https://openalex.org/W2730284527","https://openalex.org/W2377522634","https://openalex.org/W2367437354","https://openalex.org/W2362627879","https://openalex.org/W2374291142","https://openalex.org/W2393932733","https://openalex.org/W2016611441","https://openalex.org/W2134781290","https://openalex.org/W2032266076"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}