{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4236498125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01299204","title":"Introduction","display_name":"Introduction","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4236498125","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01299204"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01299204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01299204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39243548","display_name":"Computational Optimization and Applications","issn_l":"0926-6003","issn":["0926-6003","1573-2894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Optimization and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010606032","display_name":"Neculai Andrei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114681","display_name":"National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics","ror":"https://ror.org/028rq5v79","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114681"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neculai Andrei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Informatics, Romania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Informatics, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114681"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5010606032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114681"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"287","last_page":"288"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.8182789087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.35970431566238403}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8182789087295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.35970431566238403}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01299204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01299204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S39243548","display_name":"Computational Optimization and Applications","issn_l":"0926-6003","issn":["0926-6003","1573-2894"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Optimization and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2042127053","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2600246793"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}
