{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064683806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00989668","title":"Notes on canonical label languages","display_name":"Notes on canonical label languages","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064683806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00989668","mag":"2064683806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00989668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00989668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148521650","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","issn_l":"0885-7458","issn":["0885-7458","1573-7640"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer & Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065795821","display_name":"Robert Cannon","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert L. Cannon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina","Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065795821"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22796426,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"141","last_page":"148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6520944833755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mildly-context-sensitive-grammar-formalism","display_name":"Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism","score":0.6411997079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-rules","display_name":"Phrase structure rules","score":0.6319974064826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.6135414242744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head-driven-phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Head-driven phrase structure grammar","score":0.5942049622535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergent-grammar","display_name":"Emergent grammar","score":0.5857566595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5742362141609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.5324652791023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-grammar","display_name":"Link grammar","score":0.5275238156318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affix-grammar","display_name":"Affix grammar","score":0.5047608613967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5029470324516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-grammar","display_name":"Regular grammar","score":0.48670342564582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-tree-grammar","display_name":"Regular tree grammar","score":0.4835476875305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-canonical","display_name":"Non canonical","score":0.4776526689529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.47490039467811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Generalized phrase structure grammar","score":0.47264188528060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4490240812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phrase-structure-grammar","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","score":0.44129934906959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.4387030005455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.367107629776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-grammar","display_name":"Relational grammar","score":0.3494683504104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.2195652425289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-free-grammar","display_name":"Context-free grammar","score":0.1515195369720459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6520944833755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172265290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6134957","display_name":"Mildly context-sensitive grammar formalism","level":4,"score":0.6411997079849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80877019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7188074","display_name":"Phrase structure rules","level":3,"score":0.6319974064826965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6135414242744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152862876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379294","display_name":"Head-driven phrase structure grammar","level":3,"score":0.5942049622535706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69298649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6045214","display_name":"Emergent grammar","level":3,"score":0.5857566595077515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5742362141609192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5324652791023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C957247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554304","display_name":"Link grammar","level":4,"score":0.5275238156318665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80364944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4689005","display_name":"Affix grammar","level":3,"score":0.5047608613967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5029470324516296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80191660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q645527","display_name":"Regular grammar","level":4,"score":0.48670342564582825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57097763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7309622","display_name":"Regular tree grammar","level":5,"score":0.4835476875305176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018844941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718887","display_name":"Non canonical","level":2,"score":0.4776526689529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.47490039467811584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191563868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427416","display_name":"Generalized phrase structure grammar","level":5,"score":0.47264188528060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4490240812301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29184939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134367","display_name":"Phrase structure grammar","level":4,"score":0.44129934906959534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4387030005455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.367107629776001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61577278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11655557","display_name":"Relational grammar","level":4,"score":0.3494683504104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.2195652425289154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97212296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338047","display_name":"Context-free grammar","level":3,"score":0.1515195369720459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00989668","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00989668","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148521650","display_name":"International Journal of Parallel Programming","issn_l":"0885-7458","issn":["0885-7458","1573-7640"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Computer & Information Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964770427","https://openalex.org/W1998098540","https://openalex.org/W2000866565","https://openalex.org/W2012294158","https://openalex.org/W2025206446","https://openalex.org/W2053350018","https://openalex.org/W2058237136","https://openalex.org/W2074697089","https://openalex.org/W2084814487","https://openalex.org/W2914032487","https://openalex.org/W4205766714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169681196","https://openalex.org/W2940776972","https://openalex.org/W2913286805","https://openalex.org/W2374419891","https://openalex.org/W643335983","https://openalex.org/W2348602288","https://openalex.org/W4309532040","https://openalex.org/W2087856961","https://openalex.org/W2126134344","https://openalex.org/W2064683806"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}