{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2077143267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00980197","title":"The lexical unit in the metal\u00ae MT system","display_name":"The lexical unit in the metal\u00ae MT system","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2077143267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00980197","mag":"2077143267"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00980197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00980197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030729339","display_name":"Thierry Fontenelle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145192","display_name":"Siemens (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w702289","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210145192"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thierry Fontenelle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, 2 Rue des Fories, B-4020, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, 2 Rue des Fories, B-4020, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565","https://openalex.org/I4210145192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037073754","display_name":"Geert Adriaens","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145192","display_name":"Siemens (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w702289","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210145192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99464096","display_name":"KU Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/05f950310","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert Adriaens","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leuven University Center for Computational Linguistics, M. Theresiastraat 21, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium","Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, 2 Rue des Fories, B-4020, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","Leuven University Center for Computational Linguistics, Leuven, Belgium","Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leuven University Center for Computational Linguistics, M. Theresiastraat 21, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, 2 Rue des Fories, B-4020, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leuven University Center for Computational Linguistics, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99464096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565","https://openalex.org/I4210145192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057163254","display_name":"Gert de Braekeleer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145192","display_name":"Siemens (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w702289","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1325886976","https://openalex.org/I4210145192"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gert de Braekeleer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, 2 Rue des Fories, B-4020, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, 2 Rue des Fories, B-4020, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Siemens-Nixdorf, Centre Software de Li\u00e8ge, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565","https://openalex.org/I4210145192"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16490431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12353","display_name":"Lexicography and Language Studies","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7659803628921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lexicography","display_name":"Lexicography","score":0.6877579689025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6086279153823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5820400714874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5762469172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.5355420708656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5315777063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.504953920841217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siemens","display_name":"Siemens","score":0.4455738365650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-translation","display_name":"Computer-assisted translation","score":0.44374847412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.3556581735610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.3061373233795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.129623144865036}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7659803628921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80976798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184524","display_name":"Lexicography","level":2,"score":0.6877579689025879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6086279153823853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5820400714874268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5762469172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.5355420708656311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5315777063369751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.504953920841217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100053769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169893","display_name":"Siemens","level":2,"score":0.4455738365650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110046852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468495","display_name":"Computer-assisted translation","level":3,"score":0.44374847412109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.3556581735610962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3061373233795166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.129623144865036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00980197","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00980197","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W72159698","https://openalex.org/W1480102524","https://openalex.org/W1593045043","https://openalex.org/W1644866298","https://openalex.org/W1983447368","https://openalex.org/W1997961590","https://openalex.org/W1999547498","https://openalex.org/W2001609185","https://openalex.org/W2003115519","https://openalex.org/W2007709031","https://openalex.org/W2027666258","https://openalex.org/W2031199589","https://openalex.org/W2083938427","https://openalex.org/W2138601672","https://openalex.org/W2270210878","https://openalex.org/W2525719783","https://openalex.org/W2796493717","https://openalex.org/W6629577507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1560780513","https://openalex.org/W2010336863","https://openalex.org/W2380269411","https://openalex.org/W2978152272","https://openalex.org/W4310826298","https://openalex.org/W2566516706","https://openalex.org/W2027317339","https://openalex.org/W3204448004","https://openalex.org/W3009879162","https://openalex.org/W2587602790"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
