{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2086427388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00873038","title":"Variants of openness","display_name":"Variants of openness","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2086427388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00873038","mag":"2086427388"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00873038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00873038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148906134","display_name":"Applied Categorical Structures","issn_l":"0927-2852","issn":["0927-2852","1572-9095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Categorical Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017448976","display_name":"Bernhard Banaschewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-8459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Banaschewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, L8S 4K1, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061070859","display_name":"Ale\u0161 Pultr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-3700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21250087","display_name":"Charles University","ror":"https://ror.org/024d6js02","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Pultr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic","Department of Applied Mathematics Charles University Prague, Czech Republic"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics Charles University Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21250087"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017448976"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7922,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83680982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"4","first_page":"331","last_page":"350"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10896","display_name":"Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10896","display_name":"Homotopy and Cohomology in Algebraic Topology","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2610","display_name":"Mathematical Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11703","display_name":"Rings, Modules, and Algebras","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2602","display_name":"Algebra and Number Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11151","display_name":"Advanced Topology and Set Theory","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphism","display_name":"Homomorphism","score":0.7646968960762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.6993883848190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.6237341165542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-relation","display_name":"Equivalence relation","score":0.5826218128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.5723005533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-space","display_name":"Topological space","score":0.5340413451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-mathematics","display_name":"Pure mathematics","score":0.523428201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-structure","display_name":"Algebraic structure","score":0.506796658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.5049732327461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coincidence","display_name":"Coincidence","score":0.4622404873371124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebra-over-a-field","display_name":"Algebra over a field","score":0.45655813813209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.43792724609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-analysis","display_name":"Algebraic analysis","score":0.4315930902957916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-properties","display_name":"Algebraic properties","score":0.43020790815353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.41908180713653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3584660291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.10887700319290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09866338968276978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4042151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215111","display_name":"Homomorphism","level":2,"score":0.7646968960762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.6993883848190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.6237341165542603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156103551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130998","display_name":"Equivalence relation","level":2,"score":0.5826218128204346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.5723005533218384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81332173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179899","display_name":"Topological space","level":2,"score":0.5340413451194763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.523428201675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182419690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205464","display_name":"Algebraic structure","level":2,"score":0.506796658039093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.5049732327461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779832538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2308809","display_name":"Coincidence","level":3,"score":0.4622404873371124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.45655813813209534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.43792724609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554573382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4723988","display_name":"Algebraic analysis","level":5,"score":0.4315930902957916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989065042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378971","display_name":"Algebraic properties","level":2,"score":0.43020790815353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41908180713653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3584660291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.10887700319290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09866338968276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186219872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955889","display_name":"Differential algebraic equation","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51544822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q465274","display_name":"Ordinary differential equation","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00873038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00873038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S148906134","display_name":"Applied Categorical Structures","issn_l":"0927-2852","issn":["0927-2852","1572-9095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Categorical Structures","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W644926491","https://openalex.org/W969714970","https://openalex.org/W1602062035","https://openalex.org/W1964914154","https://openalex.org/W1997049989","https://openalex.org/W2011659388","https://openalex.org/W2073386507","https://openalex.org/W2092266125","https://openalex.org/W2584993864","https://openalex.org/W2603792370","https://openalex.org/W4230659860","https://openalex.org/W4234797410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241567009","https://openalex.org/W2138335839","https://openalex.org/W2180376884","https://openalex.org/W1512719231","https://openalex.org/W2732422128","https://openalex.org/W2563233401","https://openalex.org/W2130136287","https://openalex.org/W1973611015","https://openalex.org/W2513064798","https://openalex.org/W3090760912"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
