{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171488066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00735432","title":"Range sensor based outdoor vehicle Navigation, collision avoidance and parallel parking","display_name":"Range sensor based outdoor vehicle Navigation, collision avoidance and parallel parking","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171488066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00735432","mag":"2171488066"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00735432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00735432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144091109","display_name":"Autonomous Robots","issn_l":"0929-5593","issn":["0929-5593","1573-7527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Autonomous Robots","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112810225","display_name":"Dirk Langer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dirk Langer","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111447178","display_name":"C. Thorpe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Thorpe","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, 15213, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112810225"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.25435694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"2","first_page":"147","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8572962284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision-avoidance","display_name":"Collision avoidance","score":0.7174240350723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.6175475120544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-tracking-system","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","score":0.505469799041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sonar","display_name":"Sonar","score":0.5030788779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.46041470766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy-grid-mapping","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","score":0.44434037804603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43753692507743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43491899967193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.4276084303855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3888242542743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.3521469831466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27646404504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.0957026481628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.07851260900497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.0752946138381958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8572962284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780864053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5147495","display_name":"Collision avoidance","level":3,"score":0.7174240350723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.6175475120544434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84119951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3498530","display_name":"Vehicle tracking system","level":3,"score":0.505469799041748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555745239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133220","display_name":"Sonar","level":2,"score":0.5030788779258728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.46041470766067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57077369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075747","display_name":"Occupancy grid mapping","level":4,"score":0.44434037804603577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43753692507743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43491899967193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.4276084303855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3888242542743683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.3521469831466675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27646404504776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0957026481628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.07851260900497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0752946138381958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00735432","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00735432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144091109","display_name":"Autonomous Robots","issn_l":"0929-5593","issn":["0929-5593","1573-7527"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Autonomous Robots","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.13.2655","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.2655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub3/langer_dirk_1995_1/langer_dirk_1995_1.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518593024","https://openalex.org/W1611476298","https://openalex.org/W1835023670","https://openalex.org/W1996354202","https://openalex.org/W2059596647","https://openalex.org/W2069239883","https://openalex.org/W2100489624","https://openalex.org/W2124624646","https://openalex.org/W2137448073","https://openalex.org/W2147123005","https://openalex.org/W2151273207","https://openalex.org/W2154256781","https://openalex.org/W2167459247","https://openalex.org/W6636175460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073809416","https://openalex.org/W2145228184","https://openalex.org/W1819938260","https://openalex.org/W2373788374","https://openalex.org/W2340892746","https://openalex.org/W2348800404","https://openalex.org/W2077648827","https://openalex.org/W3005999311","https://openalex.org/W3042530408","https://openalex.org/W2726491561"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
