{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010897513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397283","title":"An overview of MiMo2","display_name":"An overview of MiMo2","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010897513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397283","mag":"2010897513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00397283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047337772","display_name":"Gertjan van Noord","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5564-6341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gertjan Van Noord","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005249597","display_name":"Joke Dorrepaal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joke Dorrepaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025895731","display_name":"Pim van der Eijk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pim Van Der Eijk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022869601","display_name":"Maria Florenza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Florenza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005787464","display_name":"Herbert Ruessink","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herbert Ruessink","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025942239","display_name":"Louis des Tombe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis des Tombe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Language and Speech, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047337772"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83490463,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"201","last_page":"214"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.6402000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.6402000188827515,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.5857999920845032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13062","display_name":"Cognitive Computing and Networks","score":0.5813000202178955,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.7674336433410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7279731631278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-context-free-grammar","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","score":0.5951380729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5769733190536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5645111799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5352424383163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grammar","display_name":"Grammar","score":0.5173761248588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantitative-linguistics","display_name":"Quantitative linguistics","score":0.5161219835281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.48851048946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.4633294939994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rule-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","score":0.4302142262458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-linguistics","display_name":"Applied linguistics","score":0.42786872386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computability","display_name":"Computability","score":0.4190792739391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-and-formal-equivalence","display_name":"Dynamic and formal equivalence","score":0.4125770926475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/example-based-machine-translation","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","score":0.3279528319835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.32532817125320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2935620844364166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.11802840232849121}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.7674336433410645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7279731631278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51802942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662211","display_name":"Synchronous context-free grammar","level":4,"score":0.5951380729675293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5769733190536499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5645111799240112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5352424383163452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.5173761248588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524601802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198157","display_name":"Quantitative linguistics","level":3,"score":0.5161219835281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48851048946380615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4633294939994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53893814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7378909","display_name":"Rule-based machine translation","level":2,"score":0.4302142262458801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167055898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321249","display_name":"Applied linguistics","level":2,"score":0.42786872386932373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152062344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818888","display_name":"Computability","level":2,"score":0.4190792739391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98199350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q978442","display_name":"Dynamic and formal equivalence","level":3,"score":0.4125770926475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24687705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3753284","display_name":"Example-based machine translation","level":3,"score":0.3279528319835663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.32532817125320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2935620844364166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.11802840232849121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00397283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.15.9046","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.15.9046","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.let.rug.nl/~vannoord/papers/mt.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135664207","https://openalex.org/W201288405","https://openalex.org/W203959070","https://openalex.org/W1507634428","https://openalex.org/W1571979909","https://openalex.org/W1587578808","https://openalex.org/W1792465007","https://openalex.org/W1807563377","https://openalex.org/W1970027833","https://openalex.org/W1971234755","https://openalex.org/W1972573551","https://openalex.org/W1973180461","https://openalex.org/W1974096189","https://openalex.org/W1980491396","https://openalex.org/W1980577298","https://openalex.org/W1989517455","https://openalex.org/W2007709031","https://openalex.org/W2009156468","https://openalex.org/W2023460305","https://openalex.org/W2028899594","https://openalex.org/W2032527312","https://openalex.org/W2046060889","https://openalex.org/W2076588413","https://openalex.org/W2097835057","https://openalex.org/W2100589257","https://openalex.org/W2107298945","https://openalex.org/W2143144395","https://openalex.org/W2143745167","https://openalex.org/W2151157246","https://openalex.org/W2157902310","https://openalex.org/W2161160885","https://openalex.org/W2333514939","https://openalex.org/W2735311128","https://openalex.org/W2788260940","https://openalex.org/W2913043525","https://openalex.org/W2914084761","https://openalex.org/W4246502594","https://openalex.org/W6630291126","https://openalex.org/W6638442631","https://openalex.org/W6675709108","https://openalex.org/W7067689202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036784334","https://openalex.org/W2383963481","https://openalex.org/W3212750292","https://openalex.org/W2995021569","https://openalex.org/W159583047","https://openalex.org/W4247295729","https://openalex.org/W2018123871","https://openalex.org/W2379917486","https://openalex.org/W3164707189","https://openalex.org/W2253761533"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
