{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4238843341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397282","title":"Transfer formalisms","display_name":"Transfer formalisms","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4238843341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00397282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045067431","display_name":"Doug Arnold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3685-8450"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doug Arnold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080202311","display_name":"Louisa Sadler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9107-9014"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louisa Sadler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Language and Linguistics, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64723574,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"193","last_page":"200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.5295000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10759","display_name":"Translation Studies and Practices","score":0.5295000076293945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.1289999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12881","display_name":"linguistics and terminology studies","score":0.05939999967813492,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation-formalisms-in-three-dimensions","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","score":0.8381650447845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.7349528074264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6651476621627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formalism","display_name":"Formalism (music)","score":0.5859898924827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/section","display_name":"Section (typography)","score":0.5671321153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-linguistics","display_name":"Computational linguistics","score":0.4508783221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39329764246940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3744727671146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3572823405265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.18447735905647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.17889997363090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16073015332221985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171018156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7370306","display_name":"Rotation formalisms in three dimensions","level":2,"score":0.8381650447845459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.7349528074264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6651476621627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73301696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469984","display_name":"Formalism (music)","level":3,"score":0.5859898924827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.5671321153640747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.4508783221244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39329764246940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3744727671146393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3572823405265808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.18447735905647278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.17889997363090515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16073015332221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00397282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00397282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S95210917","display_name":"Machine Translation","issn_l":"0922-6567","issn":["0922-6567","1573-0573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machine Translation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W614891258","https://openalex.org/W1968031055","https://openalex.org/W2079753651","https://openalex.org/W2084464198","https://openalex.org/W2735311128","https://openalex.org/W6729221162"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061420542","https://openalex.org/W2952249082","https://openalex.org/W2004465018","https://openalex.org/W2074343215","https://openalex.org/W4283799632","https://openalex.org/W4300799685","https://openalex.org/W1967979976","https://openalex.org/W1979038995","https://openalex.org/W2949818316","https://openalex.org/W2906859405"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
