{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2022448907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00239623","title":"Analysis, classification, and coding of multielectrode spike trains with hidden Markov models","display_name":"Analysis, classification, and coding of multielectrode spike trains with hidden Markov models","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2022448907","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00239623","mag":"2022448907","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7948227"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00239623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00239623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005017832","display_name":"G\u00fcnter Radons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-9828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Christian-Albrechts-Universit\u00e4t zu Kiel","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Radons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Germany","Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Kiel, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut f\u00fcr Theoretische Physik, Universit\u00e4t Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054185682","display_name":"Janika Becker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8094-2193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161046081","display_name":"University of Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/0245cg223","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. D. Becker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Physik, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany","Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Physik, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Physik, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fakult\u00e4t f\u00fcr Physik, Universit\u00e4t Freiburg, freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161046081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064602615","display_name":"Bernd G Dulfer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119362","display_name":"Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft f\u00fcr angewandte Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/02reezy47","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119362"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. D\u00fclfer","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMIT, Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft, Hahn-Schickard-Strasse 10, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany","IMIT, Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMIT, Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft, Hahn-Schickard-Strasse 10, D-78054, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMIT, Hahn-Schickard-Gesellschaft, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039969013","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Kr\u00fcger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-8971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801240073","display_name":"University Medical Center Freiburg","ror":"https://ror.org/03vzbgh69","country_code":"DE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801240073"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Kr\u00fcger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurologische Universit\u00e4tsklinik, Hansastrasse 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany","Neurologische Universit\u00e4tsklinik, Freiburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurologische Universit\u00e4tsklinik, Hansastrasse 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801240073"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurologische Universit\u00e4tsklinik, Freiburg, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7429,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84205803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"359","last_page":"373"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-train","display_name":"Spike train","score":0.7241686582565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.6958412528038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6549878120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5978871583938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.5895767211914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.5376632809638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"Neural coding","score":0.5244117975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5187468528747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.4634527862071991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4263792037963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poisson-distribution","display_name":"Poisson distribution","score":0.41743892431259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.3905786871910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2508208155632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.25022974610328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11716043949127197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909946758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194277","display_name":"Spike train","level":3,"score":0.7241686582565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.6958412528038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6549878120422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5978871583938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.5895767211914062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.5376632809638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.5244117975234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5187468528747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.4634527862071991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4263792037963867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100906024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205692","display_name":"Poisson distribution","level":2,"score":0.41743892431259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.3905786871910095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2508208155632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25022974610328674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11716043949127197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000882","descriptor_name":"Haplorhini","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003491","descriptor_name":"Cybernetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003491","descriptor_name":"Cybernetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003491","descriptor_name":"Cybernetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005074","descriptor_name":"Evoked Potentials, Visual","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008839","descriptor_name":"Microelectrodes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014793","descriptor_name":"Visual Cortex","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016012","descriptor_name":"Poisson Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016014","descriptor_name":"Linear Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00239623","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00239623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7948227","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7948227","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177913229","https://openalex.org/W1485035304","https://openalex.org/W1939438719","https://openalex.org/W1966812932","https://openalex.org/W1969341260","https://openalex.org/W1976212588","https://openalex.org/W1999664868","https://openalex.org/W2002182716","https://openalex.org/W2003333103","https://openalex.org/W2035374803","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2079948225","https://openalex.org/W2086699924","https://openalex.org/W2105393278","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2126170855","https://openalex.org/W2134312057","https://openalex.org/W2142384583","https://openalex.org/W2169119107","https://openalex.org/W2290046961","https://openalex.org/W2598912124","https://openalex.org/W2800394774","https://openalex.org/W2913399920","https://openalex.org/W3015981925","https://openalex.org/W3017143921","https://openalex.org/W3148186152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383615955","https://openalex.org/W2056756835","https://openalex.org/W2062974934","https://openalex.org/W2187212244","https://openalex.org/W2775582103","https://openalex.org/W2329992713","https://openalex.org/W1558157446","https://openalex.org/W2173049006","https://openalex.org/W2014837149","https://openalex.org/W2114811586"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}