{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003195826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00204660","title":"A model for the variability of maintained discharges and responses to flashes of light","display_name":"A model for the variability of maintained discharges and responses to flashes of light","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003195826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00204660","mag":"2003195826","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1958732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00204660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00204660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103437543","display_name":"Michael W. Levine","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. Levine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680","Department of Psychology and the Committee on Neuroscience, M/C 285, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA 60680#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60680","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology and the Committee on Neuroscience, M/C 285, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA 60680#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057452614","display_name":"Roger P. Zimmerman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49886154","display_name":"Rush University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k9xac83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49886154"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. P. Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Neurological Sciences and Physiology and Division of Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Ill, USA","Departments of Neurological Sciences and Physiology and Division of Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Neurological Sciences and Physiology and Division of Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Ill, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49886154"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Neurological Sciences and Physiology and Division of Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49886154"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5095153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"6","first_page":"469","last_page":"477"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5969873666763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5598132014274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance","display_name":"Luminance","score":0.46765774488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4667178988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-physics","display_name":"Statistical physics","score":0.46347862482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exponent","display_name":"Exponent","score":0.4632016718387604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.45099377632141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.4226763844490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4186871647834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3762582540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.18057990074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.09422612190246582}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5969873666763306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5598132014274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73313986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386","display_name":"Luminance","level":2,"score":0.46765774488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4667178988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.46347862482070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421508","display_name":"Exponent","level":2,"score":0.4632016718387604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.45099377632141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4226763844490051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4186871647834778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3762582540512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.18057990074157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09422612190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002415","descriptor_name":"Cats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002415","descriptor_name":"Cats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002415","descriptor_name":"Cats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006054","descriptor_name":"Goldfish","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006054","descriptor_name":"Goldfish","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006054","descriptor_name":"Goldfish","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008433","descriptor_name":"Mathematics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012165","descriptor_name":"Retinal Ganglion Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012165","descriptor_name":"Retinal Ganglion Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012165","descriptor_name":"Retinal Ganglion Cells","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013045","descriptor_name":"Species Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00204660","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00204660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87357125","display_name":"Biological Cybernetics","issn_l":"0340-1200","issn":["0340-1200","1432-0770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological Cybernetics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1958732","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1958732","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Biological cybernetics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1977511649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY00206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2319673486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY01951","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7461352435","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EY05297","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972339319","https://openalex.org/W1974304595","https://openalex.org/W1984245108","https://openalex.org/W1991845643","https://openalex.org/W2002664886","https://openalex.org/W2007869236","https://openalex.org/W2036144665","https://openalex.org/W2037616194","https://openalex.org/W2080321224","https://openalex.org/W2086819729","https://openalex.org/W2089575769","https://openalex.org/W2213591582","https://openalex.org/W2413483809","https://openalex.org/W3089502740"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990245967","https://openalex.org/W2054177013","https://openalex.org/W4383506493","https://openalex.org/W1994772959","https://openalex.org/W2427340667","https://openalex.org/W2136398500","https://openalex.org/W2600517000","https://openalex.org/W4377104339","https://openalex.org/W2324500060","https://openalex.org/W2115950857"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}