{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4243430901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00168960","title":"Book reviews","display_name":"Book reviews","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4243430901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00168960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00168960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00168960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086410804","display_name":"Tony Drapkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tony Drapkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Middlesex Polytechnic, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Middlesex Polytechnic, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035477242","display_name":"Allan Ramsay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9903-0722"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allan Ramsay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University College Dublin, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College Dublin, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028460153","display_name":"Steve Hedges","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Hedges","raw_affiliation_strings":["KBS Unit, Norwich Union Insurance Group, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KBS Unit, Norwich Union Insurance Group, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044269757","display_name":"AidanP. Magill","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AidanP. Magill","raw_affiliation_strings":["CMG Information Services for Banks Ltd, London"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CMG Information Services for Banks Ltd, London","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017801534","display_name":"E.P. Curran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.P. Curran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Science, University of Ulster, London"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Science, University of Ulster, London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109970058","display_name":"Madjid Merabti","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madjid Merabti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computing Department, Lancaster University, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computing Department, Lancaster University, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111578845","display_name":"Miranda Davies","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miranda Davies","raw_affiliation_strings":["KBS Unit, Norwich Union Insurance Group, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KBS Unit, Norwich Union Insurance Group, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112623051","display_name":"Tony Dodd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134440","display_name":"Expert System (Italy)","ror":"https://ror.org/032av0b93","country_code":"IT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134440"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Dodd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Expert Systems Ltd, Oxford"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Expert Systems Ltd, Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134440"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054262689","display_name":"TerenceC. Fogarty","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TerenceC. Fogarty","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Transputer Centre, Bristol Polytechnic, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Transputer Centre, Bristol Polytechnic, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086410804"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5953386425971985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5953386425971985}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf00168960","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00168960","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880","https://openalex.org/W1596801655","https://openalex.org/W2359140296"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2022-05-12T00:00:00"}