{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389143003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8178-6_41","title":"Improving Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition via\u00a0an\u00a0Attention Refinement Network","display_name":"Improving Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition via\u00a0an\u00a0Attention Refinement Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389143003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8178-6_41"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8178-6_41","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8178-6_41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114310289","display_name":"Jiayi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9625-2372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053452551","display_name":"Qiufeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0918-4606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiufeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084638807","display_name":"Jianghan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1257-6686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianghan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026022035","display_name":"Kaizhu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3034-9639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159968","display_name":"Duke Kunshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04sr5ys16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210159968"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaizhu Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Science Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Science Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159968"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5053452551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"543","last_page":"555"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8205170631408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"Attention network","score":0.7417064905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6404687166213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5539452433586121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.46826058626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.45939087867736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4531571567058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expression","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","score":0.42110005021095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4201887547969818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.39434880018234253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8205170631408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.7417064905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6404687166213989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5539452433586121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.46826058626174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.45939087867736816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4531571567058563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.42110005021095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4201887547969818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39434880018234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-8178-6_41","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8178-6_41","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623860192","https://openalex.org/W2806717845","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963637207","https://openalex.org/W2963699608","https://openalex.org/W3044568500","https://openalex.org/W3108675651","https://openalex.org/W3138516171","https://openalex.org/W3164707697","https://openalex.org/W3197981537","https://openalex.org/W3201757274","https://openalex.org/W4200635795","https://openalex.org/W4247050319","https://openalex.org/W4312299669","https://openalex.org/W4312868947","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W2371138613","https://openalex.org/W2048963458","https://openalex.org/W43109613","https://openalex.org/W2359952343","https://openalex.org/W2080152487","https://openalex.org/W2239445980","https://openalex.org/W2995553446","https://openalex.org/W2120455979","https://openalex.org/W4200094402"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
