{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387850617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7254-8_7","title":"Towards Robust Token Embeddings for\u00a0Extractive Question Answering","display_name":"Towards Robust Token Embeddings for\u00a0Extractive Question Answering","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387850617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7254-8_7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7254-8_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7254-8_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003191191","display_name":"Xun Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5633-8113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000026926","display_name":"Junlong Ma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junlong Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074593997","display_name":"Xinrong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6563-669X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinrong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101445040","display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1317-8142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681268","display_name":"Yi Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-5388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63525965","display_name":"Western Sydney University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t52dk35","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer, Data and Mathematical Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63525965"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734999","display_name":"Junping Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8198-5846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119942","display_name":"Wuhan Textile University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jgsf398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101445040"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8566844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"82","last_page":"96"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8532510995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.843773365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.8127306699752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5761651992797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.490667462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4322700500488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4271481931209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.4162937104701996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3251502513885498}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8532510995864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.843773365020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.8127306699752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5761651992797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.490667462348938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4322700500488281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4271481931209564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.4162937104701996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3251502513885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7254-8_7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7254-8_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:test2021-15407","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/test2021/9860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus Harvesting Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27807960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27807960","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970088388","https://openalex.org/W2964222271","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2971296908","https://openalex.org/W2988421999","https://openalex.org/W3011411500","https://openalex.org/W3035260104","https://openalex.org/W3099617520","https://openalex.org/W3103227045","https://openalex.org/W3175604467","https://openalex.org/W3176523944","https://openalex.org/W3200690766","https://openalex.org/W4224863259","https://openalex.org/W4233762729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W2970530566","https://openalex.org/W2967478618","https://openalex.org/W2997152889","https://openalex.org/W4385572700","https://openalex.org/W4307309205","https://openalex.org/W4288261899","https://openalex.org/W4385009901","https://openalex.org/W3082787378"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
