{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387425109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7074-2_1","title":"Unveiling the\u00a0Robustness of\u00a0Machine Learning Models in\u00a0Classifying COVID-19 Spike Sequences","display_name":"Unveiling the\u00a0Robustness of\u00a0Machine Learning Models in\u00a0Classifying COVID-19 Spike Sequences","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387425109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7074-2_1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7074-2_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7074-2_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064858842","display_name":"Sarwan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8121-2168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarwan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050344371","display_name":"Pin\u2010Yu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1039-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pin-Yu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM Research, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","IBM Research, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026228482","display_name":"Murray Patterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4329-0234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Murray Patterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026228482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33301618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7792662382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7156006097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6804368495941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike","display_name":"Spike (software development)","score":0.6485652327537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.6330146789550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5152450203895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.5048955082893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.461561381816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.44495195150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42206400632858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-engineering","display_name":"Feature engineering","score":0.421404629945755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3202127516269684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7792662382125854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7156006097793579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6804368495941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781390188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25203449","display_name":"Spike (software development)","level":2,"score":0.6485652327537537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.6330146789550781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5152450203895569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.5048955082893372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.461561381816864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.44495195150375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42206400632858276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.421404629945755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3202127516269684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-7074-2_1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7074-2_1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036780345","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2730968108","https://openalex.org/W2952045272","https://openalex.org/W3003217347","https://openalex.org/W3005235420","https://openalex.org/W3013630838","https://openalex.org/W3014207782","https://openalex.org/W3019291397","https://openalex.org/W3029256690","https://openalex.org/W3086314152","https://openalex.org/W3087224093","https://openalex.org/W3088553292","https://openalex.org/W3128627779","https://openalex.org/W3148807116","https://openalex.org/W3149218648","https://openalex.org/W3150113257","https://openalex.org/W3155452054","https://openalex.org/W3177828909","https://openalex.org/W3183923930","https://openalex.org/W3194649466","https://openalex.org/W3196141744","https://openalex.org/W3198971816","https://openalex.org/W3217347027","https://openalex.org/W4253260758","https://openalex.org/W4324128859","https://openalex.org/W6681302627"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2341842940","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W3034267371","https://openalex.org/W2886383271"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}