{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376622166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2446-2_18","title":"Comparative Analysis of NMT and Human Translation","display_name":"Comparative Analysis of NMT and Human Translation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376622166","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2446-2_18"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2446-2_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2446-2_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090112063","display_name":"Jiamin Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiamin Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104116780","display_name":"Yiting Ru","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiting Ru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020642895","display_name":"Yida Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4018-6095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yida Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079202107","display_name":"Miao Su","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101455652","display_name":"Xiaoxiao Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-6509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoxiao Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438307","display_name":"Mei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4130-8485"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89652312","display_name":"Northwest A&F University","ror":"https://ror.org/0051rme32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100438307"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89652312"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"188","last_page":"198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.27709999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.27709999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.7348613739013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5524277091026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4609227180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.40496307611465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.17453831434249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.07720291614532471}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.7348613739013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5524277091026306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4609227180480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.40496307611465454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.17453831434249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.07720291614532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-99-2446-2_18","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2446-2_18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764900261","display_name":"Communications in computer and information science","issn_l":"1865-0929","issn":["1865-0929","1865-0937"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Communications in Computer and Information Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
