{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168014100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2859-1_12","title":"K-LDEA: A Knowledge-Driven Layered Defense Enhancement Architecture for\u00a0OpenPLC Security","display_name":"K-LDEA: A Knowledge-Driven Layered Defense Enhancement Architecture for\u00a0OpenPLC Security","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168014100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2859-1_12"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2859-1_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2859-1_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103206370","display_name":"Wentao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0366-5863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wentao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8522-0871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100742026","display_name":"Haochen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0813-6351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haochen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1298-2140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090907570","display_name":"Ye Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-0874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ye Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-0874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140477129","display_name":"Jinyun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3567-3574"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3567-3574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431435","display_name":"Rui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5900-605X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5900-605X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101546517","display_name":"Juntao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5595-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juntao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2276-6453","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037190906","display_name":"Shaolin Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-9760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaolin Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6549-9760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009455568","display_name":"Qing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-7736"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8000-7736","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hangzhou Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National College for Excellent Engineers, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090907570"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96603325,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"155","last_page":"167"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8662999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.8662999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterprise-information-security-architecture","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.3709000051021576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.5080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5066999793052673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.5004000067710876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31139447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380386","display_name":"Enterprise information security architecture","level":2,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.400299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3799000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.3709000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1888932","display_name":"Mandatory access control","level":4,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154908896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2167404","display_name":"Security policy","level":2,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32833848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4115054","display_name":"Extensibility","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.32359999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.31690001487731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778544944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1352349","display_name":"Architectural model","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.28200000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776350369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843479","display_name":"Control logic","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665453","display_name":"System integration","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133162039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061077","display_name":"Code generation","level":3,"score":0.2624000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155386361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1649571","display_name":"Process control","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145644426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411","display_name":"Unified Modeling Language","level":3,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2859-1_12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2859-1_12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118797636","https://openalex.org/W2166602595","https://openalex.org/W2885005378","https://openalex.org/W3083422267","https://openalex.org/W3104513561","https://openalex.org/W4200106749","https://openalex.org/W4206299818","https://openalex.org/W4226272917","https://openalex.org/W4324118781","https://openalex.org/W4327767958","https://openalex.org/W4388736719","https://openalex.org/W4404639045"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2026-07-12T00:00:00"}
