{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7168405240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2759-4_17","title":"An Unsupervised Contrastive Learning Approach for Cold-Start Question-Answering Systems","display_name":"An Unsupervised Contrastive Learning Approach for Cold-Start Question-Answering Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7168405240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2759-4_17"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2759-4_17","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2759-4_17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140894312","display_name":"Wei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9400-3673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9400-3673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140867855","display_name":"Zhe Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-2000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9708-2000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengdu Institute of Computer Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5140867855"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"226","last_page":"237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":null,"topics":[],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sentence","display_name":"Sentence","score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-embedding","display_name":"Word embedding","score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.361299991607666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.6496999859809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5924000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777462759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18395344","display_name":"Word embedding","level":3,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136389625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334384","display_name":"Supervised learning","level":3,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984334869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060653","display_name":"Customer service","level":3,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161301231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478658","display_name":"Knowledge representation and reasoning","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-981-92-2759-4_17","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-92-2759-4_17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2251869843","https://openalex.org/W2739351760"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2026-07-16T00:00:00"}