{"id":"https://openalex.org/W779330264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1602-5_80","title":"Observation Probability in Hidden Markov Model for Credit Card Fraudulent Detection System","display_name":"Observation Probability in Hidden Markov Model for Credit Card Fraudulent Detection System","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W779330264","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1602-5_80","mag":"779330264"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1602-5_80","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1602-5_80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065574920","display_name":"Ashphak Khan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ashphak Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085710724","display_name":"Tejpal Singh","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tejpal Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066218403","display_name":"Amit Sinhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-6995"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Sinhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Technocrats Institute of Technology, Bhopal, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065574920"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10393839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"751","last_page":"760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11653","display_name":"Financial Distress and Bankruptcy Prediction","score":0.9052000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card","display_name":"Credit card","score":0.6782399415969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.603670597076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.535783052444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-card-fraud","display_name":"Credit card fraud","score":0.49474355578422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4912835955619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.4684450924396515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35026878118515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3003275990486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.09059691429138184}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983355114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161380","display_name":"Credit card","level":3,"score":0.6782399415969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.603670597076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.535783052444458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780747020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83873","display_name":"Credit card fraud","level":4,"score":0.49474355578422546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4912835955619812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.4684450924396515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35026878118515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3003275990486145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.09059691429138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-81-322-1602-5_80","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1602-5_80","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764905038","display_name":"Advances in intelligent systems and computing","issn_l":"2194-5357","issn":["2194-5357","2194-5365"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181063019","https://openalex.org/W1704615674","https://openalex.org/W2074346829","https://openalex.org/W2096266510","https://openalex.org/W2097582707","https://openalex.org/W2102823041","https://openalex.org/W2150702790","https://openalex.org/W2155430438","https://openalex.org/W3127599935","https://openalex.org/W4230045193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2483711049","https://openalex.org/W4224237387","https://openalex.org/W3150316110","https://openalex.org/W4313247660","https://openalex.org/W3153799676","https://openalex.org/W2984276143","https://openalex.org/W4281702918","https://openalex.org/W4283392145","https://openalex.org/W3111672143","https://openalex.org/W4281858644"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}