{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4319021936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","title":"Challenges in\u00a0OT Security and\u00a0Their Impacts on\u00a0Safety-Related Cyber-Physical Production Systems","display_name":"Challenges in\u00a0OT Security and\u00a0Their Impacts on\u00a0Safety-Related Cyber-Physical Production Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4319021936","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178369","display_name":"Digital Transformation","issn_l":"2522-9613","issn":["2522-9613","2524-2822"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Transformation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019620114","display_name":"Siegfried Hollerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-6019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Siegfried Hollerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering/Automation Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3814-6019","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering/Automation Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089436265","display_name":"Bernhard Brenner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9549-467X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Brenner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications/Networks, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications/Networks, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006426094","display_name":"Pushparaj Bhosale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5760-2342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pushparaj Rajaram Bhosale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering/Automation Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering/Automation Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010765282","display_name":"Clara Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6109-6315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Managementwissenschaften/Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Managementwissenschaften/Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007089499","display_name":"Ali M. Hosseini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3323-1924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mohammad Hosseini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computertechnik/Software-Intensive Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computertechnik/Software-Intensive Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021199291","display_name":"Sofia Maragkou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6823-4223"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Maragkou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computertechnik/Software-Intensive Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computertechnik/Software-Intensive Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108429162","display_name":"Maximilian Papa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Papa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Managementwissenschaften/Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Managementwissenschaften/Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039557676","display_name":"Sebastian Schlund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-0255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Schlund","raw_affiliation_strings":["Managementwissenschaften/Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Managementwissenschaften/Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090568831","display_name":"Thilo Sauter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-8394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thilo Sauter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computertechnik/Software-Intensive Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computertechnik/Software-Intensive Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089919338","display_name":"Wolfgang K\u00e4stner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-404X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kastner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering/Automation Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-404X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering/Automation Systems, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019620114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.602,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99456074,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"171","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7360537052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.5657685399055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.552464485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.5296970009803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.490479439496994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production","display_name":"Production (economics)","score":0.45862171053886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.443217009305954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-testing","display_name":"Security testing","score":0.4302401542663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"Functional safety","score":0.41253408789634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39564600586891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-information-and-event-management","display_name":"Security information and event management","score":0.37283116579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.33591461181640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.33156073093414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing-security","display_name":"Cloud computing security","score":0.22974523901939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.07688936591148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.07527390122413635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7360537052154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.5657685399055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.552464485168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5296970009803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.490479439496994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.45862171053886414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.443217009305954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195518309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13424265","display_name":"Security testing","level":5,"score":0.4302401542663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.41253408789634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39564600586891174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103377522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493999","display_name":"Security information and event management","level":4,"score":0.37283116579055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33591461181640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.33156073093414307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184842701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370563","display_name":"Cloud computing security","level":3,"score":0.22974523901939392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.07688936591148376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.07527390122413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178369","display_name":"Digital Transformation","issn_l":"2522-9613","issn":["2522-9613","2524-2822"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Transformation","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65004-2_7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210178369","display_name":"Digital Transformation","issn_l":"2522-9613","issn":["2522-9613","2524-2822"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Digital Transformation","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168836647","https://openalex.org/W195479328","https://openalex.org/W207267598","https://openalex.org/W934626039","https://openalex.org/W1555623254","https://openalex.org/W1574056277","https://openalex.org/W1574433387","https://openalex.org/W1648834017","https://openalex.org/W1979820341","https://openalex.org/W1987445516","https://openalex.org/W1992208352","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2032984185","https://openalex.org/W2101246871","https://openalex.org/W2105539612","https://openalex.org/W2121337044","https://openalex.org/W2122590816","https://openalex.org/W2149338075","https://openalex.org/W2165600364","https://openalex.org/W2241337554","https://openalex.org/W2475320399","https://openalex.org/W2516092834","https://openalex.org/W2519655440","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2751671356","https://openalex.org/W2768690687","https://openalex.org/W2774042362","https://openalex.org/W2916455487","https://openalex.org/W2919523599","https://openalex.org/W2940578872","https://openalex.org/W2940597649","https://openalex.org/W2945384854","https://openalex.org/W2989905716","https://openalex.org/W2995556072","https://openalex.org/W3000130544","https://openalex.org/W3012963018","https://openalex.org/W3041006851","https://openalex.org/W3113073149","https://openalex.org/W4237018387","https://openalex.org/W4245882831","https://openalex.org/W4247476895","https://openalex.org/W4249176616","https://openalex.org/W6922932491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3189065608","https://openalex.org/W2164920192","https://openalex.org/W2120086576","https://openalex.org/W2125403566","https://openalex.org/W896362041","https://openalex.org/W2397931496","https://openalex.org/W2293554594","https://openalex.org/W2574735744","https://openalex.org/W2165898552","https://openalex.org/W2299494954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,104],"Cyber-Physical":[1],"Production":[2],"Systems":[3],"(CPPS),":[4],"integrity":[5],"and":[6,10,19,24,32,92,115,130,141,147,158,172,188,195,202,218],"availability":[7],"of":[8,22,29,49,57,67,98,111,185,211,221,230],"hardware":[9],"software":[11],"components":[12,69],"are":[13,133,152,182,225],"necessary":[14],"to":[15,38,88,193],"ensure":[16,89],"product":[17,33,90],"quality":[18,91],"the":[20,27,43,55,79,96,102,138,200,228,231],"safety":[21,97,171,187,217],"employees":[23],"customers,":[25],"while":[26],"confidentiality":[28],"engineering":[30],"artifacts":[31],"details":[34],"must":[35],"be":[36,165,177],"kept":[37],"hide":[39],"company":[40],"secrets.":[41],"At":[42],"same":[44],"time,":[45],"an":[46],"increasing":[47],"number":[48],"Internet":[50],"connected":[51],"control":[52],"systems":[53,151],"causes":[54],"presence":[56],"new":[58],"attack":[59,128],"vectors.":[60],"As":[61],"a":[62,156],"result,":[63],"unauthorized":[64],"hardware/software":[65],"modifications":[66],"CPPS":[68,157],"through":[70],"cyber":[71],"attacks":[72],"become":[73],"more":[74,168],"prevalent.":[75],"This":[76],"development":[77],"raises":[78],"demand":[80],"for":[81,120],"proper":[82],"protection":[83],"measures":[84,136],"significantly,":[85],"not":[86],"only":[87],"security":[93,118,142,173],"but":[94],"also":[95],"people":[99],"working":[100],"with":[101],"machinery.":[103],"this":[105,125,198],"chapter,":[106],"we":[107],"describe":[108],"vulnerable":[109],"assets":[110],"Operational":[112],"Technology":[113,149],"(OT)":[114],"identify":[116],"information":[117],"requirements":[119],"these":[121],"assets.":[122],"Based":[123],"on":[124],"assessment,":[126],"possible":[127],"vectors":[129],"threat":[131],"models":[132],"discussed.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"against":[137],"mentioned":[139],"threats":[140],"relevant":[143],"differences":[144],"between":[145],"OT":[146],"Information":[148],"(IT)":[150],"outlined.":[153],"To":[154],"manage":[155],"its":[159],"related":[160],"threats,":[161],"risk":[162],"management":[163],"will":[164],"addressed":[166],"in":[167,205],"detail.":[169],"Although":[170],"should":[174],"no":[175],"longer":[176],"viewed":[178],"as":[179],"isolated,":[180],"there":[181],"several":[183],"challenges":[184],"integrating":[186],"security,":[189],"which":[190],"can":[191],"lead":[192],"struggles":[194],"trade-offs.":[196],"For":[197],"reason,":[199],"\u201cSafety":[201],"Security":[203],"Lab":[204],"Industry\u201d":[206],"currently":[207],"investigates":[208],"different":[209],"aspects":[210],"future":[212],"integrated":[213,223],"solutions":[214,224],"covering":[215],"both":[216],"security.":[219],"Challenges":[220],"such":[222],"outlined":[226],"at":[227],"end":[229],"chapter.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
