{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2536916975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_20","title":"Designing Proof of Human-Work Puzzles for Cryptocurrency and Beyond","display_name":"Designing Proof of Human-Work Puzzles for Cryptocurrency and Beyond","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2536916975","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_20","mag":"2536916975"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028278191","display_name":"Jeremiah Blocki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5542-4674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jeremiah Blocki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030233265","display_name":"Hong-Sheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3534-6629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184840846","display_name":"Virginia Commonwealth University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkdxk79","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Sheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184840846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028278191"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4031,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9853504,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"517","last_page":"546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/captcha","display_name":"CAPTCHA","score":0.9049181342124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.8631365299224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8442731499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.8033528327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.7057616710662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.7048192620277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.6388876438140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.6062614917755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proof-of-work-system","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","score":0.5708869695663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5022501945495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.45845288038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4306240677833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4304346740245819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.22070029377937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11243575811386108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163339463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484598","display_name":"CAPTCHA","level":2,"score":0.9049181342124939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.8631365299224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8442731499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8033528327941895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.7057616710662842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.7048192620277405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.6388876438140869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.6062614917755127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123436394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7249984","display_name":"Proof-of-work system","level":3,"score":0.5708869695663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5022501945495605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.45845288038253784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4306240677833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4304346740245819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.22070029377937317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11243575811386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_20","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53644-5_20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111114747","https://openalex.org/W184028394","https://openalex.org/W308817271","https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1512498994","https://openalex.org/W1520914943","https://openalex.org/W1523833175","https://openalex.org/W1553435762","https://openalex.org/W1560502112","https://openalex.org/W1561641428","https://openalex.org/W1577682295","https://openalex.org/W1600255172","https://openalex.org/W1601379374","https://openalex.org/W1603565383","https://openalex.org/W1667580224","https://openalex.org/W1805165030","https://openalex.org/W1823595194","https://openalex.org/W1896997982","https://openalex.org/W1907293129","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W1972614536","https://openalex.org/W1984153141","https://openalex.org/W1992851378","https://openalex.org/W1993821077","https://openalex.org/W2003111551","https://openalex.org/W2020218923","https://openalex.org/W2022710553","https://openalex.org/W2027670258","https://openalex.org/W2031015560","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2048642037","https://openalex.org/W2048755632","https://openalex.org/W2054904172","https://openalex.org/W2065160440","https://openalex.org/W2084062832","https://openalex.org/W2092425809","https://openalex.org/W2099256741","https://openalex.org/W2113266120","https://openalex.org/W2119545418","https://openalex.org/W2142442406","https://openalex.org/W2147019420","https://openalex.org/W2150509722","https://openalex.org/W2152144666","https://openalex.org/W2156749117","https://openalex.org/W2171973097","https://openalex.org/W2214854691","https://openalex.org/W2293624543","https://openalex.org/W2295804537","https://openalex.org/W2302922559","https://openalex.org/W2430991892","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2561675875","https://openalex.org/W2613387059","https://openalex.org/W2614305404","https://openalex.org/W2886706106","https://openalex.org/W2951138026","https://openalex.org/W3028607946","https://openalex.org/W3099042773","https://openalex.org/W3103340913","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3204000967","https://openalex.org/W4214950201","https://openalex.org/W6742561883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3081390865","https://openalex.org/W2096153383","https://openalex.org/W4224304430","https://openalex.org/W4285133732","https://openalex.org/W4237285437","https://openalex.org/W3124449833","https://openalex.org/W2913682208","https://openalex.org/W4226032731","https://openalex.org/W2909288616","https://openalex.org/W4241097117"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
