{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2228368164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46678-0_23","title":"Three Variables Suffice for Real-Time Logic","display_name":"Three Variables Suffice for Real-Time Logic","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2228368164","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46678-0_23","mag":"2228368164"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46678-0_23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46678-0_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045656414","display_name":"Timos Antonopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9654-4090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Timos Antonopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003393330","display_name":"Paul Hunter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5767-3375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Hunter","raw_affiliation_strings":["D\u00e9partement d\u2019Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium","D\u00e9partement d'Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"D\u00e9partement d'Informatique, Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085333678","display_name":"Shahab Raza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahab Raza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068165188","display_name":"James Worrell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8151-2443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Worrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Oxford University, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045656414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149","https://openalex.org/I4210146410"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1114805,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"361","last_page":"374"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11567","display_name":"semigroups and automata theory","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10126","display_name":"Logic, programming, and type systems","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unary-operation","display_name":"Unary operation","score":0.7828898429870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bijection","display_name":"Bijection","score":0.6726320385932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/countable-set","display_name":"Countable set","score":0.6251346468925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5620487928390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.5368286967277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.48066771030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.47194141149520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-line","display_name":"Real line","score":0.4523807168006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/order","display_name":"Order (exchange)","score":0.4476338326931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4302333891391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4212344288825989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3546642065048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.060782402753829956}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78023250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657596","display_name":"Unary operation","level":2,"score":0.7828898429870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24424167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180907","display_name":"Bijection","level":2,"score":0.6726320385932922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110729354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185478","display_name":"Countable set","level":2,"score":0.6251346468925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5620487928390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5368286967277527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.48066771030426025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.47194141149520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75432250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29654355","display_name":"Real line","level":2,"score":0.4523807168006897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4476338326931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4302333891391754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4212344288825989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3546642065048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.060782402753829956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46678-0_23","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46678-0_23","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.718.4279","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.718.4279","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ox.ac.uk/people/james.worrell/metric-3-var.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/220757","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/220757","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401063","display_name":"D\u00e9p\u00f4t institutionnel de l'Universit\u00e9 libre de Bruxelles (Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","host_organization_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Lecture notes in computer science, 9034","raw_type":"info:ulb-repo/semantics/openurl/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170987886","https://openalex.org/W1508184538","https://openalex.org/W1556189547","https://openalex.org/W1984581643","https://openalex.org/W1988762827","https://openalex.org/W1993445249","https://openalex.org/W2011132281","https://openalex.org/W2012270584","https://openalex.org/W2048178754","https://openalex.org/W2053510959","https://openalex.org/W2079880156","https://openalex.org/W2098171268","https://openalex.org/W2157319504","https://openalex.org/W2950144551","https://openalex.org/W2964202114","https://openalex.org/W3105484551","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2888918612","https://openalex.org/W2166285859","https://openalex.org/W2952259524","https://openalex.org/W2279732055","https://openalex.org/W2995857455","https://openalex.org/W3172619790","https://openalex.org/W2035456572","https://openalex.org/W2085054174","https://openalex.org/W2059675826","https://openalex.org/W2835275266"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}