{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1522899817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","title":"From Weak to Strong Zero-Knowledge and Applications","display_name":"From Weak to Strong Zero-Knowledge and Applications","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1522899817","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","mag":"1522899817"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-46494-6_4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-46494-6_4.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679596","display_name":"Kai-Min Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3356-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Min Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Academia Sinica, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Academia Sinica, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045259377","display_name":"Edward Lui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Lui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081609749","display_name":"Rafael Pass","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7440-5690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Pass","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100679596"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"],"apc_list":{"value":5000,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":5392},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0686,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91673543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"66","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-knowledge-proof","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","score":0.9245326519012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gas-meter-prover","display_name":"Gas meter prover","score":0.7248982191085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5823133587837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph-isomorphism","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","score":0.5388197302818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lemma","display_name":"Lemma (botany)","score":0.5233182907104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.521372377872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.5079310536384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.461098313331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3411375880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.3344164490699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3317469358444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.26470255851745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.13032278418540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-graph","display_name":"Line graph","score":0.12037861347198486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.9245326519012451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.7248982191085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5823133587837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61665672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q303100","display_name":"Graph isomorphism","level":4,"score":0.5388197302818298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777759810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149316","display_name":"Lemma (botany)","level":3,"score":0.5233182907104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.521372377872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.5079310536384583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.461098313331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3411375880241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3344164490699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3317469358444214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26470255851745605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.13032278418540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203776342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378376","display_name":"Line graph","level":3,"score":0.12037861347198486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46757340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43238","display_name":"Poaceae","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-46494-6_4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46494-6_4","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978-3-662-46494-6_4.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106296714","display_name":"Lecture notes in computer science","issn_l":"0302-9743","issn":["0302-9743","1611-3349"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lecture Notes in Computer Science","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1381964117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0746990","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1523888516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G16510884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1214844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G217845249","display_name":"CAREER: Computation and Collaboration in the Era of the Internet","funder_award_id":"0746990","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4713059963","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5541204808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-11-2-0211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5809100787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6187160294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-0746990","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6426936282","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-11-2-0211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6671297155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CAREER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7722981497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550-10-1-0093","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7950983496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1214844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","funder_display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8043588780","display_name":"ICES: Large: Computation, Language, and Awareness in Games","funder_award_id":"1214844","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8289759875","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA9550","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8651614457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1217821","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8711194012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AFOSR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","funder_display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338279","display_name":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","ror":"https://ror.org/011e9bt93"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338294","display_name":"Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1522899817.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1522899817.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496806208","https://openalex.org/W1882771262","https://openalex.org/W1976183756","https://openalex.org/W1979397185","https://openalex.org/W1983947776","https://openalex.org/W1996171547","https://openalex.org/W2000850689","https://openalex.org/W2011112377","https://openalex.org/W2023740004","https://openalex.org/W2032716871","https://openalex.org/W2038202352","https://openalex.org/W2061106457","https://openalex.org/W2064265141","https://openalex.org/W2067047774","https://openalex.org/W2069170136","https://openalex.org/W2072858942","https://openalex.org/W2077140897","https://openalex.org/W2093218848","https://openalex.org/W2106887613","https://openalex.org/W2123783718","https://openalex.org/W2126661026","https://openalex.org/W2133701468","https://openalex.org/W2135481450","https://openalex.org/W2142185237","https://openalex.org/W2144613321","https://openalex.org/W2144752539","https://openalex.org/W2146856790","https://openalex.org/W2158889011","https://openalex.org/W2159711956","https://openalex.org/W2160403361","https://openalex.org/W2161196440","https://openalex.org/W2296008393","https://openalex.org/W2912272112","https://openalex.org/W2913157813","https://openalex.org/W3029954059","https://openalex.org/W3102712431","https://openalex.org/W3150645827","https://openalex.org/W6600967249"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149634854","https://openalex.org/W4400642643","https://openalex.org/W4402530505","https://openalex.org/W2562305209","https://openalex.org/W3030245161","https://openalex.org/W2519290549","https://openalex.org/W2096571200","https://openalex.org/W4389777186","https://openalex.org/W2809883875","https://openalex.org/W59628553"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}